Huaihe Hospital，Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Cell Death Dis. 2024 Jan 18;15(1):72. doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-06413-8.
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) modulate the expression level of several target RNAs (such as mRNAs) post-transcriptionally through interactions with unique binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region. There is mounting information that suggests RBP dysregulation plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. However, the function of FMR1 autosomal homolog 1(FXR1) in malignancies is just beginning to be unveiled. Due to the diversity of their RNA-binding domains and functional adaptability, FXR1 can regulate diverse transcript processing. Changes in FXR1 interaction with RNA networks have been linked to the emergence of cancer, although the theoretical framework defining these alterations in interaction is insufficient. Alteration in FXR1 expression or localization has been linked to the mRNAs of cancer suppressor genes, cancer-causing genes, and genes involved in genomic expression stability. In particular, FXR1-mediated gene regulation involves in several cellular phenomena related to cancer growth, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, senescence, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. FXR1 dysregulation has been implicated in diverse cancer types, suggesting its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. However, the molecular mechanisms and biological effects of FXR1 regulation in cancer have yet to be understood. This review highlights the current knowledge of FXR1 expression and function in various cancer situations, emphasizing its functional variety and complexity. We further address the challenges and opportunities of targeting FXR1 for cancer diagnosis and treatment and propose future directions for FXR1 research in oncology. This work intends to provide an in-depth review of FXR1 as an emerging oncotarget with multiple roles and implications in cancer biology and therapy.
RNA 结合蛋白（RBPs）通过与 3'非翻译区中独特的结合位点相互作用，在后转录水平调节几个靶 RNA（如 mRNA）的表达水平。越来越多的信息表明，RBP 失调在致癌作用中起着重要作用。然而，FMR1 常染色体同源物 1（FXR1）在恶性肿瘤中的功能才刚刚开始被揭示。由于其 RNA 结合域的多样性和功能适应性，FXR1 可以调节多种转录加工。FXR1 与 RNA 网络相互作用的变化与癌症的发生有关，尽管定义这些相互作用变化的理论框架还不够充分。FXR1 表达或定位的改变与癌症抑制基因、致癌基因和参与基因组表达稳定性的基因的 mRNA 有关。特别是，FXR1 介导的基因调控涉及与癌症生长、转移、上皮-间充质转化、衰老、凋亡和血管生成相关的几种细胞现象。FXR1 失调与多种癌症类型有关，提示其具有诊断和治疗潜力。然而，FXR1 调节在癌症中的分子机制和生物学效应尚未被理解。本综述强调了 FXR1 在各种癌症情况下的表达和功能的最新知识，强调了其功能的多样性和复杂性。我们进一步探讨了针对 FXR1 进行癌症诊断和治疗的挑战和机遇，并为肿瘤学中的 FXR1 研究提出了未来的方向。这项工作旨在深入探讨 FXR1 作为一个新兴的癌基因，在癌症生物学和治疗中有多种作用和意义。
