Russell F E, Maretić Z
Toxicon. 1986;24(10):967-73. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(86)90002-4.
Scombroid poisoning has become an almost world-wide medical problem. It is probably the most common cause of fish poisoning, although frequently misdiagnosed as "Salmonella infection'. While there remains some question as to the definitive etiology, there is little doubt that the poisoning is caused by the ingestion of certain mackerel-like fishes whose tissues have undergone a number of changes provoked by bacteria, and involving the conversion of histidine to histamine, potentiated by diamines. Improper storage of the fishes, usually at temperatures above 20 degrees C, appears to be the most important predisposing factor. The organisms most commonly involved are Proteus sp., Clostridium sp., Escherichia sp., Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. Twenty-five cases of scombroid poisoning are presented. The clinical manifestations were very similar in most cases, consisting of: alterations in taste; anxiety; hyperemia, particularly of the face and neck; nausea; pruritus; headache; certain other symptoms and signs. Most patients responded to antihistamitics, and all cases were self-limiting.
组胺中毒已成为一个几乎全球性的医学问题。它可能是鱼类中毒最常见的原因，尽管常被误诊为“沙门氏菌感染”。虽然关于确切病因仍存在一些疑问，但毫无疑问，中毒是由于食用了某些鲭科鱼类，其组织因细菌引发了一系列变化，包括组氨酸转化为组胺，并由二胺增强。鱼类储存不当，通常是在20摄氏度以上的温度下，似乎是最重要的诱发因素。最常涉及的微生物是变形杆菌属、梭菌属、大肠杆菌属、沙门氏菌属和志贺氏菌属。本文报告了25例组胺中毒病例。大多数病例的临床表现非常相似，包括：味觉改变；焦虑；充血，尤其是面部和颈部；恶心；瘙痒；头痛；以及某些其他症状和体征。大多数患者对抗组胺药有反应，所有病例均为自限性。
