Ušjak Ljuboš, Stojković Dejan, Carević Tamara, Milutinović Violeta, Soković Marina, Niketić Marjan, Petrović Silvana
Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Jan 1;13(1):41. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010041.
Plants of the genus are intensively investigated as potential new sources of bioactive isolated products. In this work, the chemical composition of volatile constituents (essential oils and headspace volatiles) and dichloromethane extracts, as well as antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of essential oils and MFDEs (methanol fractions of dichloromethane extracts) of from Serbia, were investigated. Volatiles of roots, leaves, stems and fruits, and fatty acids and phytosterols in dichloromethane extracts of roots and fruits were analyzed by GC-FID-MS, whereas coumarins in MFDEs by LC-MS and some isolated coumarins by H-NMR. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations/minimum fungicidal concentrations (MBCs/MFCs) of essential oils and MFDEs were determined against 13 microorganisms. Antibiofilm activity was assessed against four microorganisms. Additionally, congo red and ergosterol binding assays were conducted to elucidate selected mechanisms of antibiofilm action in the case of . Total of 52 volatile constituents, 16 fatty acids, eight phytosterols and 10 coumarins were identified. Essential oils demonstrated significant activity, surpassing that of commercial food preservatives, against six tested molds from the , and genera, as well as against bacteria and . Most of the oils strongly inhibited the formation of biofilms by and . MFDEs exhibited noteworthy effects against and the tested species, particularly , and significantly inhibited biofilm formation. This inhibition was linked to a marked reduction in exopolysaccharide production, while antifungal mechanisms associated with ergosterol remained unaffected.
该属植物作为生物活性分离产物潜在的新来源受到了深入研究。在这项工作中，对来自塞尔维亚的该属植物挥发性成分（精油和顶空挥发物）以及二氯甲烷提取物的化学成分，以及精油和二氯甲烷提取物的甲醇馏分（MFDEs）的抗菌和抗生物膜活性进行了研究。通过气相色谱 - 氢火焰离子化检测器 - 质谱联用仪（GC - FID - MS）分析根、叶、茎和果实中的挥发物，以及根和果实二氯甲烷提取物中的脂肪酸和植物甾醇，而通过液相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（LC - MS）分析MFDEs中的香豆素，并通过氢核磁共振（H - NMR）分析一些分离出的香豆素。测定了精油和MFDEs对13种微生物的最低抑菌浓度（MICs）和最低杀菌浓度/最低杀真菌浓度（MBCs/MFCs）。评估了对四种微生物的抗生物膜活性。此外，进行了刚果红和麦角固醇结合试验，以阐明该属植物抗生物膜作用的选定机制。共鉴定出52种挥发性成分、16种脂肪酸、8种植物甾醇和10种香豆素。精油对来自曲霉属、青霉属和毛霉属的6种测试霉菌以及细菌金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌表现出显著活性，超过了商业食品防腐剂。大多数精油强烈抑制白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的形成。MFDEs对大肠杆菌和测试的念珠菌属物种，特别是白色念珠菌表现出显著效果，并显著抑制白色念珠菌生物膜的形成。这种抑制与胞外多糖产生的显著减少有关，而与麦角固醇相关的抗真菌机制未受影响。
