Verhoef Vaida T R, Smolders Karin C H J, Remmelswaal Lysanne, Peeters Geert, Overeem Sebastiaan, de Kort Yvonne A W
Human-Technology Interaction, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Center for Sleep Medicine Kempenhaeghe, 5591 VE Heeze, The Netherlands.
Clocks Sleep. 2024 Jan 5;6(1):24-39. doi: 10.3390/clockssleep6010003.
Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common symptom of sleep disorders. Despite its prevalence, it remains difficult to define, detect, and address. The difficulties surrounding sleepiness have been linked to an ambiguous conceptualization, a large variety of scales and measures, and the overlap with other constructs, such as fatigue. The present study aims to investigate patients' descriptions of sleepiness-related daytime complaints and their phenomenology. We performed semi-directed interviews with patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (N = 15) or narcolepsy (N = 5). The interviewers took care of utilizing the participants' terminology when describing daytime complaints related to their sleep disorder. Various aspects of the daytime complaints were investigated, such as their description and temporality. The transcribed content was thematically analyzed using an eclectic coding system, yielding five themes. The participants used different interchangeable descriptors (tired, sleepy, fatigued, exhausted) to express their daytime complaints. They enriched their description with indexes of magnitude (ranging from 'not especially' to 'most gigantic, extreme'), oppositions to other states (using antipodes like energy, alertness, wakefulness, or rest), and indications of fluctuations over the day. Interestingly, the participants often used metaphors to express their experiences and their struggles. The lived experiences of the patients were found to not always align with common self-reported monitoring tools of sleepiness and to relate only in part with current conceptions. In practice, it is important to probe daytime complaints, such as daytime sleepiness, with a broader consideration, for example, by exploring antipodes, consequences, and time-of-day fluctuations.
日间过度嗜睡是睡眠障碍的常见症状。尽管其普遍存在，但仍难以定义、检测和解决。围绕嗜睡的困难与概念模糊、大量的量表和测量方法以及与其他概念（如疲劳）的重叠有关。本研究旨在调查患者对与嗜睡相关的日间不适的描述及其现象学。我们对被诊断为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（N = 15）或发作性睡病（N = 5）的患者进行了半定向访谈。访谈者在描述与他们的睡眠障碍相关的日间不适时注意使用参与者的术语。对日间不适的各个方面进行了调查，例如其描述和时间性。使用折衷编码系统对转录内容进行主题分析，得出五个主题。参与者使用不同的可互换描述词（疲倦、困倦、疲劳、精疲力竭）来表达他们的日间不适。他们用程度指标（从“不太特别”到“最巨大、极端”）、与其他状态的对比（使用能量、警觉、清醒或休息等反义词）以及一天中波动的指示来丰富他们的描述。有趣的是，参与者经常使用隐喻来表达他们的经历和挣扎。发现患者的实际经历并不总是与常见的自我报告嗜睡监测工具一致，并且仅部分与当前概念相关。在实践中，重要的是更广泛地考虑日间不适，例如通过探索反义词、后果和一天中的时间波动，来探究日间嗜睡等日间不适。
