Ataide Livia M S, Vargas German, Velazquez-Hernandez Yisell, Reyes-Arauz Isamar, Villamarin Paola, Canon Maria A, Yang Xiangbing, Riley Simon S, Revynthi Alexandra M
Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Cornell University, Portland, NY 14769, USA.
Insects. 2024 Jan 10;15(1):48. doi: 10.3390/insects15010048.
In 2020, the invasive (Karny) was first detected in Florida, United States. In response to the implemented regulatory restrictions, we conducted laboratory experiments under containment conditions. Thrips larvae and adults were exposed to 32 products (conventional and biorational insecticides) either directly or indirectly. Direct exposure was performed using a Spray Potter Tower, while indirect exposure was conducted by evaluating residue toxicity against the thrips. Water served as a control. We assessed mortality and leaf-feeding damage 48 h post-treatment. Among the conventional insecticides, chlorfenapyr, sulfoxaflor-spinetoram, and spinosad caused high mortality across all stages in both direct and residue toxicity assays. Pyridalyl, acetamiprid, tolfenpyrad, cyclaniliprole-flonicamid, acephate, novaluron, abamectin, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid, cyclaniliprole, spirotetramat, and carbaryl displayed moderate toxicity, affecting at least two stages in either exposure route. Additionally, chlorfenapyr, spinosad, sulfoxaflor-spinetoram, pyridalyl, acetamiprid, cyclaniliprole, cyclaniliprole-flonicamid, abamectin, and acephate inhibited larvae and adult's leaf-feeding damage in both direct and residue toxicity assays. Regarding biorational insecticides, mineral oil (3%) and sesame oil caused the highest mortality and lowest leaf-feeding damage. Greenhouse evaluations of spinosad, chlorfenapyr, sulfoxaflor-spinetoram, and pyridalyl are recommended. Also, a rotation program incorporating these products, while considering different modes of action, is advised for ornamental growers to avoid resistance and to comply with regulations.
2020年，入侵性（卡尼）蓟马首次在美国佛罗里达州被发现。针对实施的监管限制措施，我们在隔离条件下进行了实验室实验。将蓟马幼虫和成虫直接或间接暴露于32种产品（传统杀虫剂和生物源杀虫剂）。直接暴露使用喷雾式波特塔进行，而间接暴露则通过评估对蓟马的残留毒性来进行。以水作为对照。我们在处理后48小时评估死亡率和叶片取食损伤情况。在传统杀虫剂中，溴虫腈、氟吡呋喃酮-多杀霉素和多杀霉素在直接和残留毒性试验的所有阶段均导致高死亡率。氯虫·高氯氟、啶虫脒、四氟虫酰胺、氯虫·氟虫双酰胺、乙酰甲胺磷、虱螨脲、阿维菌素、氰虫酰胺、吡虫啉、氯虫·氟虫双酰胺、螺虫乙酯和西维因表现出中等毒性，在任何一种暴露途径中至少影响两个阶段。此外，溴虫腈、多杀霉素、氟吡呋喃酮-多杀霉素、氯虫·高氯氟、啶虫脒、氯虫·氟虫双酰胺、氯虫·氟虫双酰胺、阿维菌素和乙酰甲胺磷在直接和残留毒性试验中均抑制幼虫和成虫的叶片取食损伤。对于生物源杀虫剂，3%的矿物油和芝麻油导致最高死亡率和最低的叶片取食损伤。建议对多杀霉素、溴虫腈、氟吡呋喃酮-多杀霉素和氯虫·高氯氟进行温室评估。此外，建议观赏植物种植者采用包含这些产品的轮用方案，同时考虑不同的作用方式，以避免产生抗性并符合法规要求。
