Matias Lídia Leonize Rodrigues, Damasceno Karla Suzanne Florentino da Silva Chaves, Pereira Annemberg Salvino, Passos Thaís Souza, Morais Ana Heloneida de Araujo
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil.
Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil.
Biomedicines. 2024 Jan 13;12(1):176. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12010176.
Antibiotics comprise one of the most successful groups of pharmaceutical products. Still, they have been associated with developing bacterial resistance, which has become one of the most severe problems threatening human health today. This context has prompted the development of new antibiotics or co-treatments using innovative tools to reverse the resistance context, combat infections, and offer promising antibacterial therapy. For the development of new alternatives, strategies, and/or antibiotics for controlling bacterial growth, it is necessary to know the target bacteria, their classification, morphological characteristics, the antibiotics currently used for therapies, and their respective mechanisms of action. In this regard, genomics, through the sequencing of bacterial genomes, has generated information on diverse genetic resources, aiding in the discovery of new molecules or antibiotic compounds. Nanotechnology has been applied to propose new antimicrobials, revitalize existing drug options, and use strategic encapsulating agents with their biochemical characteristics, making them more effective against various bacteria. Advanced knowledge in bacterial sequencing contributes to the construction of databases, resulting in advances in bioinformatics and the development of new antimicrobials. Moreover, it enables in silico antimicrobial susceptibility testing without the need to cultivate the pathogen, reducing costs and time. This review presents new antibiotics and biomedical and technological innovations studied in recent years to develop or improve natural or synthetic antimicrobial agents to reduce bacterial growth, promote well-being, and benefit users.
抗生素是最成功的药品类别之一。然而，它们与细菌耐药性的产生有关，而细菌耐药性已成为当今威胁人类健康的最严重问题之一。这种情况促使人们开发新的抗生素或联合治疗方法，使用创新工具来扭转耐药局面、对抗感染并提供有前景的抗菌疗法。为了开发控制细菌生长的新替代方法、策略和/或抗生素，有必要了解目标细菌、它们的分类、形态特征、目前用于治疗的抗生素及其各自的作用机制。在这方面，基因组学通过对细菌基因组进行测序，生成了关于各种遗传资源的信息，有助于发现新的分子或抗生素化合物。纳米技术已被用于提出新的抗菌剂、振兴现有的药物选择，并利用具有其生化特性的战略封装剂，使其对各种细菌更有效。细菌测序方面的先进知识有助于构建数据库，推动生物信息学的发展和新抗菌剂的开发。此外，它能够在无需培养病原体的情况下进行计算机抗菌药敏试验，降低成本和时间。本综述介绍了近年来研究的新抗生素以及生物医学和技术创新，以开发或改进天然或合成抗菌剂，减少细菌生长，促进健康并造福用户。
