Marchi Pedro Henrique, Vendramini Thiago Henrique Annibale, Zafalon Rafael Vessecchi Amorim, Príncipe Leonardo de Andrade, Cesar Cinthia Gonçalves Lenz, Perini Mariana Pamplona, Putarov Thaila Cristina, Gomes Cristina Oliveira Massoco Salles, Balieiro Júlio Cesar de Carvalho, Brunetto Marcio Antonio
Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil.
Biorigin (Açucareira Quatá S.A.), Lençois Paulistas 18680-900, Brazil.
Microorganisms. 2024 Jan 5;12(1):113. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12010113.
Yeast-purified beta-1,3/1,6-glucans (BG) can modulate dogs' immune systems and microbiome, but the optimal inclusion dose remains unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of 0.0, 0.07, 0.14, and 0.28% inclusion of BG in a dry extruded diet on the digestibility, immunity, and fecal microbiota of healthy adult dogs. Eight male and female border collies [n = 4; body condition score (BCS) = 5] and English cocker spaniels (n = 4; BCS = 5), aged 3.5 ± 0.5 years, were randomly distributed into two 4 × 4 balanced Latin squares. Fecal microbiota (using 16S rRNA sequencing, Illumina), apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients, fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), ammoniacal nitrogen, lactic acid, IgA and pH, lymphocyte immunophenotyping, intensity and percentage of phagocytosis and oxidative burst were determined. No differences were observed in Faith ( = 0.1414) and Pielou-evenness ( = 0.1151) between treatments, but beta diversity was different between 0.0% and 0.14% BG groups ( = 0.047). Moreover, the Firmicutes phylum was the most abundant in all groups and exhibited the highest relative abundance after the consumption of 0.14% BG, a finding considered beneficial for the canine microbiome. The Erysipelotrichaceae and Ruminococcaceae families, along with the and genera, considered favorable for their involvement in butyrate production and other metabolites, showed increased abundance after the consumption of 0.14% BG. The potentially pathogenic Proteobacteria phylum displayed lower abundance after the consumption of 0.14% BG. Fecal concentrations of the evaluated compounds and pH did not differ after consumption of the BG at all percentages. Higher crude protein ADC was found after 0.14 and 0.28% BG consumption ( < 0.0001), but no differences were found for other nutrients. Phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and lymphocyte populations were not modulated by any of the treatments; however, 0.14% BG modulated the lymphocyte T CD4:CD8 ratio ( = 0.0368), an important marker of immune system efficiency. The inclusion of 0.14% BG resulted in the best responses and was the best dose evaluated.
酵母纯化的β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖（BG）可调节犬的免疫系统和微生物群，但最佳添加剂量尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估在干挤压日粮中添加0.0%、0.07%、0.14%和0.28%的BG对健康成年犬的消化率、免疫力和粪便微生物群的影响。八只雄性和雌性边境牧羊犬[n = 4；身体状况评分（BCS）= 5]和英国可卡犬（n = 4；BCS = 5），年龄为3.5±0.5岁，被随机分配到两个4×4平衡拉丁方设计中。测定了粪便微生物群（使用16S rRNA测序，Illumina）、营养物质的表观消化率系数（ADC）、短链脂肪酸（SCFA）和支链脂肪酸（BCFA）的粪便浓度、氨氮、乳酸、IgA和pH值、淋巴细胞免疫表型分析、吞噬作用强度和百分比以及氧化爆发。各处理组之间在Faith指数（ = 0.1414）和Pielou均匀度指数（ = 0.1151）上未观察到差异，但0.0%和0.14% BG组之间的β多样性不同（ = 0.047）。此外，厚壁菌门在所有组中最为丰富，在摄入0.14% BG后相对丰度最高，这一发现被认为对犬类微生物群有益。丹毒丝菌科和瘤胃球菌科以及被认为因其参与丁酸产生和其他代谢产物而有利的属，在摄入0.14% BG后丰度增加。摄入0.14% BG后，潜在致病的变形菌门丰度较低。在摄入所有百分比的BG后，所评估化合物的粪便浓度和pH值没有差异。在摄入0.14%和0.28% BG后，粗蛋白ADC较高（ < 0.0001），但其他营养物质未发现差异。吞噬作用、氧化爆发和淋巴细胞群体未受到任何处理的调节；然而，0.14% BG调节了淋巴细胞T CD4:CD8比值（ = 0.0368），这是免疫系统效率的一个重要指标。添加0.14% BG产生了最佳反应，是评估的最佳剂量。
