Gu Jialun, Duan Fenghui, Liu Sida, Cha Wenhao, Lu Jian
Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Chem Rev. 2024 Feb 14;124(3):1247-1287. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00514. Epub 2024 Jan 23.
Metallic materials are usually composed of single phase or multiple phases, which refers to homogeneous regions with distinct types of the atom arrangement. The recent studies on nanostructured metallic materials provide a variety of promising approaches to engineer the phases at the nanoscale. Tailoring phase size, phase distribution, and introducing new structures via phase transformation contribute to the precise modification in deformation behaviors and electronic structures of nanostructural metallic materials. Therefore, phase engineering of nanostructured metallic materials is expected to pave an innovative way to develop materials with advanced mechanical and functional properties. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the engineering of heterogeneous nanophases and the fundamental understanding of nanophase formation for nanostructured metallic materials, including supra-nano-dual-phase materials, nanoprecipitation- and nanotwin-strengthened materials. We first review the thermodynamics and kinetics principles for the formation of the supra-nano-dual-phase structure, followed by a discussion on the deformation mechanism for structural metallic materials as well as the optimization in the electronic structure for electrocatalysis. Then, we demonstrate the origin, classification, and mechanical and functional properties of the metallic materials with the structural characteristics of dense nanoprecipitations or nanotwins. Finally, we summarize some potential research challenges in this field and provide a short perspective on the scientific implications of phase engineering for the design of next-generation advanced metallic materials.
金属材料通常由单相或多相组成，相是指具有不同原子排列类型的均匀区域。最近对纳米结构金属材料的研究提供了多种在纳米尺度上设计相的有前景的方法。通过相变来调整相尺寸、相分布并引入新结构，有助于对纳米结构金属材料的变形行为和电子结构进行精确改性。因此，纳米结构金属材料的相工程有望为开发具有先进机械性能和功能特性的材料开辟一条创新途径。在这篇综述中，我们全面概述了纳米结构金属材料的异质纳米相工程以及对纳米相形成的基本理解，包括超纳米双相材料、纳米沉淀强化和纳米孪晶强化材料。我们首先回顾超纳米双相结构形成的热力学和动力学原理，接着讨论结构金属材料的变形机制以及电催化中电子结构的优化。然后，我们阐述具有密集纳米沉淀或纳米孪晶结构特征的金属材料的起源、分类以及机械和功能特性。最后，我们总结了该领域一些潜在的研究挑战，并对相工程对下一代先进金属材料设计的科学意义给出简短展望。
