Lloyd Shawnta L, Lopez-Quintero Catalina, Striley Catherine W
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Addict Behav. 2020 Nov;110:106525. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106525. Epub 2020 Jun 26.
Existing evidence suggest that cannabis may impair driving and is the most prevalent drug identified in drivers. Males exhibit an excess risk for driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol compared to females. We assessed sex differences in the association between the reason for cannabis use (medical, recreational, or both) and driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC).
A sample of 17,405 past 12-month cannabis users (18 + years old) were analyzed from the 2016-17 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the interaction of sex and reason for cannabis use on DUIC using predicted probabilities.
Among cannabis users in the sample, 88.1% used for recreational reasons, 7.8% used for medical reasons, and 4.1% used for medical and recreational reasons. The probability of DUIC was as low as 20% among female medical only users, and as high as 40% among male combined medical and recreational users. Females showed more similar probabilities of DUIC across reasons of use (range 20% to 25%s) than males (range 28% to 40%). The difference in the probability of DUIC between combined medical and recreational users and recreational only users was significantly greater among males than among females (Δ 0.1, p < 0.05).
The observed effects of sex and reasons for cannabis use on DUIC suggests a need for targeted educational interventions, particularly among males reporting combined medical and recreational marijuana use.
现有证据表明，大麻可能会影响驾驶能力，且是在驾驶员中发现的最普遍的药物。与女性相比，男性在药物或酒精影响下驾驶的风险更高。我们评估了大麻使用原因（医疗、娱乐或两者兼有）与大麻影响下驾驶（DUIC）之间关联的性别差异。
从2016 - 17年全国药物使用和健康调查中分析了17405名过去12个月内使用过大麻的样本（18岁及以上）。使用多变量逻辑回归，通过预测概率评估性别和大麻使用原因对DUIC的相互作用。
在样本中的大麻使用者中，88.1%用于娱乐目的，7.8%用于医疗目的，4.1%用于医疗和娱乐目的。仅用于医疗的女性使用者中DUIC的概率低至20%，而医疗和娱乐兼用的男性使用者中该概率高达40%。与男性（范围为28%至40%）相比，女性在不同使用原因下的DUIC概率更为相似（范围为20%至25%）。医疗和娱乐兼用的使用者与仅用于娱乐的使用者之间DUIC概率的差异在男性中比在女性中显著更大（Δ0.1，p < 0.05）。
观察到的性别和大麻使用原因对DUIC的影响表明需要有针对性的教育干预措施，特别是在报告医疗和娱乐兼用大麻的男性中。
