Deshmukh Rohitas, Dewangan Bhuvaneshwari, Harwansh Ranjit K, Agrawal Rutvi, Garg Akash, Chopra Himansu
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India.
Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Medical Sciences, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, India.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2025;22(3):310-331. doi: 10.2174/0115672018291253240115012327.
Malaria is still a major endemic disease transmitted in humans via Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes. The eradication of malarial parasites and the control measures have been rigorously and extensively deployed by local and international health organizations. Malaria's recurrence is a result of the failure to entirely eradicate it. The drawbacks related to malarial chemotherapy, non-specific targeting, multiple drug resistance, requirement of high doses, intolerable toxicity, indefinable complexity of Plasmodium's life cycle, and advent of drug-resistant strains of are the causes of the ineffective eradication measures. With the emergence of nanotechnology and its application in various industrial domains, the rising interest in the medical field, especially in epidemiology, has skyrocketed. The applications of nanosized carriers have sparked special attention, aiming towards minimizing the overall side effects caused due to drug therapy and avoiding bioavailability. The applications of concepts of nanobiotechnology to both vector control and patient therapy can also be one of the approaches. The current study focuses on the use of hybrid drugs as next-generation antimalarial drugs because they involve fewer drug adverse effects. The paper encompasses the numerous nanosized delivery-based systems that have been found to be effective among higher animal models, especially in treating malarial prophylaxis. This paper delivers a detailed review of diagnostic techniques, various nanotechnology approaches, the application of nanocarriers, and the underlying mechanisms for the management of malaria, thereby providing insights and the direction in which the current trends are imparted from the innovative and technological perspective.
疟疾仍然是一种主要的地方性疾病，通过感染疟原虫的蚊子在人类中传播。当地和国际卫生组织已经严格且广泛地采取了根除疟原虫的措施和控制措施。疟疾的复发是未能完全根除它的结果。与疟疾化疗相关的缺点、非特异性靶向、多重耐药性、高剂量要求、难以忍受的毒性、疟原虫生命周期难以确定的复杂性以及耐药菌株的出现是根除措施无效的原因。随着纳米技术的出现及其在各个工业领域的应用，医学领域，尤其是流行病学领域的兴趣急剧上升。纳米载体的应用引起了特别关注，旨在尽量减少药物治疗引起的总体副作用并避免生物利用度问题。将纳米生物技术概念应用于病媒控制和患者治疗也可能是一种方法。当前的研究集中在使用混合药物作为下一代抗疟药物，因为它们涉及较少的药物不良反应。本文涵盖了众多基于纳米递送的系统，这些系统在高等动物模型中已被证明是有效的，尤其是在疟疾预防治疗方面。本文对疟疾管理的诊断技术、各种纳米技术方法、纳米载体的应用以及潜在机制进行了详细综述，从而从创新和技术角度提供了见解以及当前趋势的发展方向。
