Pagenkopp Lohan Katrina M, Darling John A, Ruiz Gregory M
Coastal Disease Ecology Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA.
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Divers Distrib. 2022 Jul 2;28(9):1922-1933. doi: 10.1111/ddi.13592.
The global shipping fleet, the primary means of transporting goods among countries, also serves as a major dispersal mechanism for marine invasive species. To date, researchers have primarily focussed on the role of ships in transferring marine macrofauna, often overlooking transfers of associated parasites, which can have larger impacts on naïve host individuals and populations. Here, we re-examine three previously published metabarcode datasets targeting zooplankton and protists in ships' ballast water to assess the diversity of parasites across life stages arriving to three major US ports.
Port of Hampton Roads in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia; Ports of Texas City, Houston and Bayport in Galveston Bay, Texas; and Port of Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska.
We selected all known parasitic taxa, using sequences generated from the small subunit gene (SSU) from ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplified from (1) zooplankton collected from plankton tows (35 and 80 μm datasets) and (2) eukaryotes collected from samples of ships' ballast water (3 μm dataset).
In all three datasets, we found a broad range of parasitic taxa, including many protistan and metazoan parasites, that infect a wide range of hosts, from teleost fish to dinoflagellates. Parasite richness was highest in the 3 μm dataset and relatively uniform across arrival regions. Several parasite taxa were found in high relative abundance (based on number of sequences recovered) either in ships entering a single or across multiple regions.
The ubiquity, diversity and relative abundance of parasites detected demonstrate ships are a potent vector for spreading marine parasites across the world's oceans, potentially contributing to reported increases in outbreaks of marine diseases. Future research is urgently needed to evaluate the fate of parasites upon arrival and the efficacy of ballast water treatment systems to reduce future transfers and colonization.
全球航运船队是各国间货物运输的主要方式，也是海洋入侵物种的主要传播机制。迄今为止，研究人员主要关注船舶在转移海洋大型动物方面的作用，常常忽视相关寄生虫的转移，而这些寄生虫对新宿主个体和种群可能产生更大影响。在此，我们重新审视三个先前发表的针对船舶压载水中浮游动物和原生生物的元条形码数据集，以评估抵达美国三个主要港口的不同生命阶段寄生虫的多样性。
弗吉尼亚州切萨皮克湾的汉普顿路港；得克萨斯州加尔维斯顿湾的得克萨斯城港、休斯顿港和贝波特港；以及阿拉斯加威廉王子湾的瓦尔迪兹港。
我们利用从核糖体RNA（rRNA）的小亚基基因（SSU）生成的序列，选择了所有已知的寄生类群，这些序列来自于：（1）从浮游生物拖网采集的浮游动物（35和80μm数据集），以及（2）从船舶压载水样本采集的真核生物（3μm数据集）。
在所有三个数据集中，我们发现了广泛的寄生类群，包括许多原生生物和后生动物寄生虫，它们感染从硬骨鱼到甲藻等广泛的宿主。寄生虫丰富度在3μm数据集中最高，且在各抵达区域相对均匀。在进入单个或多个区域的船舶中，发现了几种相对丰度较高（基于回收的序列数量）的寄生虫类群。
检测到的寄生虫的普遍存在、多样性和相对丰度表明，船舶是海洋寄生虫在全球海洋中传播的有力媒介，可能导致报告的海洋疾病暴发增加。迫切需要未来的研究来评估寄生虫抵达后的命运，以及压载水处理系统减少未来转移和定殖的效果。
Zotero 插件
