Zuberovic Muratovic Aida, Dharavath Shyamraj, Bergquist Jonas, Persson Malin, Renborg Elin, Pekar Heidi, Klijnstra Mirjam
Swedish Food Agency, P.O. Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
Mar Drugs. 2025 Jun 19;23(6):257. doi: 10.3390/md23060257.
Tetrodotoxin (TTX), earlier known as a tropical paralytic neurotoxin from pufferfish poisoning, has increasingly been occurring in edible marine species, including filter-feeding bivalves, from relatively cold marine waters of some European countries. The defined conditions that promote the production of TTX, its origin or the processes of its accumulation in seafood are still not clarified. Recent studies in temperate waters show, however, that the accumulation of quantifiable levels of TTX in bivalves appears to be influenced by seawater temperature (>15 °C), which indicates a seasonal occurrence at these latitudes. Uncertainties still remain regarding how seawater temperature interacts with other climate and environmental factors or organisms in the marine ecosystem to result in detectable levels of TTX in shellfish. Knowledge of the occurrence and distribution of TTX in the marine environment where the edible bivalves grow is important for maintaining seafood safety, as the toxin is heat-stable and remains potent even after cooking. Therefore, in this study, 264 bivalve samples collected in 2019 and 2021 from 17 sites along the Swedish west coast were analyzed with LC-MS/MS to search for TTX. The study explores the hypothesis of TTX presence in Swedish marine waters, outlines the sample screening strategy and objectives, and reports no evidence of TTX presence in Swedish bivalve shellfish (≥7.8 µg/kg) based on the analyzed samples and the time periods in which the studied samples were collected.
河豚毒素（TTX），早期被认为是来自河豚中毒的一种热带麻痹性神经毒素，如今在包括滤食性双壳贝类在内的可食用海洋物种中越来越多地出现，这些物种来自一些欧洲国家相对寒冷的海域。促进TTX产生的特定条件、其来源或在海鲜中的积累过程仍未明确。然而，最近在温带水域的研究表明，双壳贝类中可量化水平的TTX积累似乎受海水温度（>15°C）影响，这表明在这些纬度地区存在季节性发生的情况。关于海水温度如何与海洋生态系统中的其他气候和环境因素或生物相互作用，从而导致贝类中可检测到TTX水平，仍存在不确定性。了解可食用双壳贝类生长的海洋环境中TTX的发生和分布情况对于维持海鲜安全很重要，因为这种毒素具有热稳定性，即使在烹饪后仍具有毒性。因此，在本研究中，对2019年和2021年从瑞典西海岸17个地点采集的264个双壳贝类样本进行了液相色谱 - 串联质谱分析，以寻找TTX。该研究探讨了瑞典海域存在TTX的假设，概述了样本筛选策略和目标，并根据分析的样本以及采集研究样本的时间段报告称，在瑞典双壳贝类（≥7.8微克/千克）中没有发现TTX存在的证据。
