Faculty of Education, Henan University, Jinming Road, Longting District, Kaifeng, China.
Psychol Res. 2024 Apr;88(3):880-891. doi: 10.1007/s00426-023-01920-x. Epub 2024 Jan 28.
Verbal praise is often used to improve prospective memory performance in daily life. According to the motivation cognitive model, the promotional effect of verbal praise on prospective memory may depend largely on redeploying attentional resources, so its promotional effect is likely to be influenced by attention. Two groups of college students (n = 128, n = 117) participated in two experimental studies that examined this hypothesis. Experiment 1 manipulated attention load by changing the difficulty of the ongoing tasks to focus on the effect of verbal praise on prospective memory under different attention load conditions. The results showed that verbal praise promoted prospective memory performance under both attentional load conditions (low, high), but verbal praise mainly promoted the prospective component when the attentional load was low, meanwhile, verbal praise mainly promoted the retrospective component when the attention load was high. Experiment 2 altered the dependence of prospective memory tasks on attentional resources by manipulating the cue focality, further exploring the promotional effect of verbal praise on prospective memory with different types of cues under the low attention load condition. The results showed that verbal praise only promoted prospective memory when non-focal cues were used. The results of this study partially verified the motivation cognitive model.
口头表扬常用于日常生活中提高前瞻性记忆表现。根据动机认知模型，口头表扬对前瞻性记忆的促进作用可能在很大程度上取决于重新配置注意力资源，因此其促进作用可能受到注意力的影响。两组大学生（n=128，n=117）参与了两项实验研究，以检验这一假设。实验 1 通过改变正在进行的任务的难度来操纵注意力负荷，以关注在不同注意力负荷条件下口头表扬对前瞻性记忆的影响。结果表明，口头表扬在注意力负荷低和高的情况下都促进了前瞻性记忆表现，但口头表扬主要在注意力负荷低时促进前瞻性成分，而在注意力负荷高时主要促进回溯性成分。实验 2 通过操纵线索焦点，改变前瞻性记忆任务对注意力资源的依赖，进一步在低注意力负荷条件下探索不同类型线索下口头表扬对前瞻性记忆的促进作用。结果表明，只有在使用非焦点线索时，口头表扬才会促进前瞻性记忆。本研究的结果部分验证了动机认知模型。
