Indurkar Abhishek, Kudale Pawan, Rjabovs Vitālijs, Heinmaa Ivo, Demir Öznur, Kirejevs Matvejs, Rubenis Kristaps, Chaturbhuj Ganesh, Turks Māris, Locs Janis
Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Jan 12;11:1329752. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1329752. eCollection 2023.
As the primary solid phase, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is a pivotal precursor in cellular biomineralization. The intrinsic interplay between ACP and Howard factor underscores the significance of understanding their association for advancing biomimetic ACP development. While organic compounds play established roles in biomineralization, this study presents the synthesis of ACP with naturally occurring organic compounds (ascorbate, glutamate, and itaconate) ubiquitously found in mitochondria and vital for bone remodeling and healing. The developed ACP with organic compounds was meticulously characterized using XRD, FTIR, and solid-state C and P NMR. The morphological analysis revealed the characteristic spherical morphology with particle size close to 20 nm of all synthesized ACP variants. Notably, the type of organic compound strongly influences true density, specific surface area, particle size, and transformation. The analysis was performed with MC3T3-E1 cells, indicating the highest cell viability with ACP_ASC (ascorbate), followed by ACP_ITA (itaconate). The lowest cell viability was observed with 10 %w/v of ACP_GLU (glutamate); however, 1 %w/v of ACP_GLU was cytocompatible. Further, the effect of small organic molecules on the transformation of ACP to low crystalline apatite (Ap) was examined in Milli-Q water, PBS, and α-MEM.
作为主要固相，无定形磷酸钙（ACP）是细胞生物矿化过程中的关键前体。ACP与霍华德因子之间的内在相互作用凸显了理解它们之间的关联对于推动仿生ACP发展的重要性。虽然有机化合物在生物矿化中发挥着既定作用，但本研究展示了利用线粒体中普遍存在且对骨重塑和愈合至关重要的天然有机化合物（抗坏血酸、谷氨酸和衣康酸）合成ACP。所制备的含有机化合物的ACP通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）以及固态碳和磷核磁共振（NMR）进行了细致表征。形态分析显示，所有合成的ACP变体均具有特征性的球形形态，粒径接近20纳米。值得注意的是，有机化合物的类型对真密度、比表面积、粒径和转变有强烈影响。对MC3T3-E1细胞进行了分析，结果表明ACP_ASC（抗坏血酸）组细胞活力最高，其次是ACP_ITA（衣康酸）组。在10%w/v的ACP_GLU（谷氨酸）组观察到最低的细胞活力；然而，1%w/v的ACP_GLU具有细胞相容性。此外，还在超纯水、磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）和α-改良伊格尔培养基（α-MEM）中研究了小分子对ACP向低结晶度磷灰石（Ap）转变的影响。
