School of Insurance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China.
School of Statistics and Mathematics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jan 15;11:1196411. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1196411. eCollection 2023.
China has entered an aging society and will likely become the fastest-aging country in the world. The demand for aging care services has greatly increased. In recent years, the model of mutual aid for aging care has met the needs of older adults, especially those in rural areas. In this case, how much time should be spent on mutual aid for the older adult in terms of time and how much influence the size of the group has in terms of space are two very important questions when studying mutual aid for aging care.
An overlapping generations model is built in this article, which includes representative agents, representative enterprises, the endowment insurance system constructed by the government, and the behavior of representative agents in mutual aid for aging care under the background of active aging.
In the base case, the optimal proportion of time to participate in the mutual aid group is 9.31%, and the optimal proportion of time is influenced by the benchmark time of care and the size of the care group. With the increase in the benchmark time of care, the optimal proportion of time increases correspondingly, but the increase is decreasing. With the increase in the size of the care group, the optimal proportion of time decreases, but after the size reaches 4 or 5, the impact becomes very small. When parents' psychological preference coefficient changes from 0.1 to 0.9, that is, when parents change from introverted to extroverted personalities, the optimal proportion of time and parents' utility will also change.
For children who usually take care of their parents for a long benchmark time, the optimal time to participate in the mutual aid group based on personal utility maximization is also long. Second, as the size of the group increases, the time for representative agents to participate in the mutual aid group gradually decreases. In addition, the model of mutual aid for aging care is highly correlated with parents' personalities, and extrovert parents benefit more from this model.
中国已进入老龄化社会，且可能成为世界上老龄化速度最快的国家。养老服务需求大幅增加。近年来，互助养老模式满足了老年人，尤其是农村老年人的需求。在这种情况下，研究互助养老时，老年人在互助中花费的时间以及群体规模在空间上的影响有多大，是两个非常重要的问题。
本文构建了一个包含代表性个体、代表性企业、政府构建的养老保险制度以及在积极老龄化背景下代表性个体参与互助养老行为的世代交叠模型。
在基准情形下，参与互助组的最优时间比例为 9.31%，最优时间比例受基准护理时间和护理组规模的影响。随着基准护理时间的增加，最优时间比例相应增加，但增加幅度逐渐减小。随着护理组规模的增加，最优时间比例减小，但当规模达到 4 或 5 后，影响变得非常小。当父母的心理偏好系数从 0.1 变为 0.9，即父母从内向性格变为外向性格时，最优时间比例和父母的效用也会发生变化。
对于通常照顾父母基准时间较长的子女来说，基于个人效用最大化的最优参与互助组时间也较长。其次，随着群体规模的增加，代表个体参与互助组的时间逐渐减少。此外，互助养老模式与父母的性格高度相关，外向型父母从这种模式中获益更多。
