Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratories, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
PeerJ. 2024 Jan 26;12:e16820. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16820. eCollection 2024.
Diversity in clinical signs and symptoms are associated with soil transmitted diseases (STD), which are spread to humans by intestinal worms and transmitted in a variety of ways. There is a need for the present study, which aimed to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and to compare between the common detection techniques for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) among newly arrived expatriate labors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
A total of 188 stool samples were analyzed by macroscopic examination, and microscopic examination using direct iodine smear and the formal ether sedimentation technique. Trichrome and modified Kinyoun's stains were used to confirm the morphology of any detected protozoa stages and oocyst of , respectively. A chromatographic immunoassay kit was used for , and . In addition, real-time PCR was employed only to identify various STHs.
Out of 188, several types of parasites were detected in 35 samples (18.62%), of which some with multiple infections. Nine samples (4.79%) were positive for , seven samples (3.72%) for , six samples (3.19%) for , four samples (2.13%) for , four samples (2.13%) for , four samples (2.13%) for , three samples (1.60%) for and two samples (1.06%) for . In comparison between laboratory techniques for STHs, real-time PCR was able to detect the DNA of 19 samples (10.1%) followed by Ritchie sedimentation technique (18, 9.6%), and direct smear (7, 3.7%) ( > 0.05).
The high rate of newly arrived foreign workers infected with intestinal parasites could lead to a risk to society. Continuous and regular surveys are needed to deal with the occurrence of intestinal parasitic infections including STHs. To improve the identification of these infections, we recommend a supporting infrastructure for the application of concentration methods and molecular assays.
临床症状和体征的多样性与土壤传播疾病（STD）有关，这些疾病通过肠道蠕虫传播给人类，并通过多种方式传播。因此，本研究旨在调查沙特吉达新到外籍劳工的肠道寄生虫流行情况，并比较土壤传播性蠕虫（STH）的常见检测技术。
对 188 份粪便样本进行了宏观检查和直接碘液涂片及改良乙醚沉淀技术的显微镜检查。使用三苯甲烷和改良金尼翁染色分别确认所检测的原虫阶段和卵囊。使用色谱免疫检测试剂盒检测、和。此外，仅使用实时 PCR 来鉴定各种 STH。
在 188 份样本中，有 35 份（18.62%）检测到多种寄生虫，其中一些存在多重感染。9 份（4.79%）样本检测出阳性，7 份（3.72%）样本检测出阳性，6 份（3.19%）样本检测出阳性，4 份（2.13%）样本检测出阳性，4 份（2.13%）样本检测出阳性，4 份（2.13%）样本检测出阳性，3 份（1.60%）样本检测出阳性，2 份（1.06%）样本检测出阳性。在 STH 实验室技术比较中，实时 PCR 能够检测出 19 份（10.1%）样本的 DNA，其次是 Ritchie 沉淀技术（18 份，9.6%）和直接涂片（7 份，3.7%）（>0.05）。
新到外籍工人感染肠道寄生虫的比率很高，可能会给社会带来风险。需要进行持续和定期的调查，以应对包括 STH 在内的肠道寄生虫感染的发生。为了提高对这些感染的识别能力，我们建议建立一个支持基础设施，应用浓缩方法和分子检测方法。
