School of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jan 17;12:1305924. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1305924. eCollection 2024.
As two line trends - aging disability and disability aging - continue to emerge, hearing disability is becoming increasingly prevalent among older adults in china. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of hearing disability among older adults and identify the various factors contributing to its development.
In this matched nested case-control study, data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed. A total of 4,523 older adults were recruited from a national sample database, of which 1,094 individuals were eligible for inclusion in the hearing disability cohort, while 3,429 older adults who had not been diagnosed with hearing disability were considered non-hearing disability controls. Hearing disability was assessed by a self-reported question. These controls were matched to hearing disability cases in a 1:1 ratio based on age and sex. The logistic regression models were used to find out various factors of hearing disability in the target population.
Totally 1,094 individuals (24.14%) developed hearing disability during the follow-up period. After 1:1 matching, 2,182 subjects were included in the study, with 1,091 cases in the case group. Factors that influenced the incidence of hearing disability in older adults included annual household income (OR = 0.985, = 0.003), cognitive function (OR = 0.982, = 0.015), depression level (OR = 1.027, < 0.001), somatic mobility (OR = 0.946, = 0.007), history of kidney disease (OR = 1.659, < 0.001), history of asthma (OR = 1.527, = 0.008), history of accidental injuries (OR = 1.348, = 0.015), whether there is a place for recreational and fitness activities in the community (OR = 0.672, < 0.001), and whether there is a health service center/health center in the community (OR = 0.882, = 0.006).
The incidence of hearing disabilities among older adults in China is high. The protective and risk factors that contribute to the incidence of disability should be fully considered in the care of older adults.
随着老龄化和残疾老龄化这两条线趋势的继续出现，听力残疾在中国老年人中越来越普遍。本研究旨在调查老年人听力残疾的发生率，并确定导致听力残疾发展的各种因素。
本研究采用匹配嵌套病例对照设计，对 2011 年至 2018 年中国健康与退休纵向研究的数据进行了分析。从全国抽样数据库中招募了 4523 名老年人，其中 1094 人符合听力残疾队列纳入标准，而 3429 名未被诊断为听力残疾的老年人被视为非听力残疾对照。听力残疾通过自我报告问题进行评估。这些对照按照年龄和性别与听力残疾病例进行 1:1 匹配。采用逻辑回归模型在目标人群中找出听力残疾的各种因素。
共有 1094 人（24.14%）在随访期间发生了听力残疾。经过 1:1 匹配后，2182 名受试者纳入研究，其中 1091 例为病例组。影响老年人听力残疾发生率的因素包括家庭年收入（OR=0.985， =0.003）、认知功能（OR=0.982， =0.015）、抑郁程度（OR=1.027， <0.001）、躯体移动能力（OR=0.946， =0.007）、肾脏疾病史（OR=1.659， <0.001）、哮喘史（OR=1.527， =0.008）、意外伤害史（OR=1.348， =0.015）、社区内是否有娱乐和健身活动场所（OR=0.672， <0.001）以及社区内是否有卫生服务中心/卫生中心（OR=0.882， =0.006）。
中国老年人听力残疾的发生率较高。在老年人护理中，应充分考虑导致残疾发生的保护因素和风险因素。
