伊朗医护人员针对新冠病毒病的预防行为：一项横断面研究。
Preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among health care providers in Iran: A cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Niksirat Souri, Rouhani-Tonekaboni Nooshin, Shakiba Maryam, Kasmaei Parisa
机构信息
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran.
Department of Health Education and Promotion, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran.
出版信息
Health Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 29;7(2):e1839. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1839. eCollection 2024 Feb.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
During outbreaks of infectious diseases, if healthcare providers do not follow the principles of prevention, the risk of personal infection increases and they become a source of infection spread. This study aimed to determine the factors related to the preventive health behaviors of COVID-19 among Iranian healthcare providers based on protection motivation theory (PMT).
METHODS
This analytical cross-sectional study included 346 healthcare providers. Data was collected by an online researcher-made questionnaire based on PMT. To analyze the data, independent tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, and SPSS 22 software were used. was considered as 0.05.
RESULTS
85.3% of the healthcare providers would always wear masks, 80.7% would always refuse to kiss and touch hands with others, and 34.7% sometimes would exercise at home. The preventive behaviors were significantly correlated with protection motivation ( = 0.84), self-efficacy ( = 0.51), response efficiency ( = 0.43), perceived severity ( = 0.41) Fear ( = 0.21), perceived susceptibility ( = 0.11), response cost ( = -0.14), and reward ( = -0.15). PMT constructs were able to predict 77% of the variance of the behaviors and the protection motivation construct was the strongest predictor ( = 0.806). Income above 300 Dolars per month was significantly related to the decrease in the mean score of preventive behaviors against COVID-19. The female sex and the individual or family history of infectious diseases were significantly related to increasing the mean score of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.
CONCLUSION
Based on the study results, it is suggested that some educational interventions be designed and implemented with a focus on this construct and the perceived severity construct and that more attention be given to the education of health care providers with high-income levels, male providers, and the individuals without a history of corona infection in themselves or their family members.
背景与目的
在传染病暴发期间，如果医护人员不遵循预防原则，个人感染风险就会增加，他们会成为感染传播源。本研究旨在基于保护动机理论（PMT）确定伊朗医护人员中与新冠病毒预防健康行为相关的因素。
方法
这项分析性横断面研究纳入了346名医护人员。数据通过基于PMT的在线自制问卷收集。为分析数据，使用了独立检验、方差分析（ANOVA）、斯皮尔曼相关系数、多元线性回归以及SPSS 22软件。P值被视为0.05。
结果
85.3%的医护人员会一直佩戴口罩，80.7%的医护人员会一直拒绝与他人亲吻和握手，34.7%的医护人员有时会在家锻炼。预防行为与保护动机（r = 0.84）、自我效能感（r = 0.51）、反应效能（r = 0.43）、感知严重性（r = 0.41）、恐惧（r = 0.21）、感知易感性（r = 0.11）、反应成本（r = -0.14）和奖励（r = -0.15）显著相关。PMT结构能够预测行为方差的77%，保护动机结构是最强的预测因子（β = 0.806）。每月收入高于300美元与新冠病毒预防行为平均得分的降低显著相关。女性以及个人或家族传染病史与新冠病毒预防行为平均得分的增加显著相关。
结论
根据研究结果，建议设计并实施一些以该结构和感知严重性结构为重点的教育干预措施，并更多关注高收入水平的医护人员、男性医护人员以及自身或其家庭成员无新冠感染史的人员的教育。
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