Chen Xu-Jia, Deng Zhou, Zhang Le-Le, Pan Yan, Fu Jia, Zou Liang, Bai Zhaofang, Xiao Xiaohe, Sheng Feiya
College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Mar;172:116222. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116222. Epub 2024 Feb 3.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a high-incidence neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cognitive impairment, memory loss, and psychiatric abnormalities. Ganoderma lucidum is a famous medicinal fungus with a long history of dietary intake, containing various bioactive components, and have been documented to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, and immunomodulatory effects, among others. Recent studies have shown that G. lucidum and its components have promising therapeutic potential against AD from various aspects, which can delay the progression of AD, improve cognitive function and quality of life. The underlying mechanisms mainly include inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation, inhibiting Aβ formation, affecting activated microglia, regulating NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathway, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, modulating immune system, and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, etc. This paper systematically reviewed the relevant studies on the therapeutic potential of G. lucidum and its active components for treatment of AD, key points related with the mechanism studies and clinical trials have been discussed, and further perspectives have been proposed. Totally, as a natural medicinal mushroom, G. lucidum has the potential to be developed as effective adjuvant for AD treatment owing to its therapeutic efficacy against multiple pathogenesis of AD. Further mechanical investigation and clinical trials can help unlock the complete potential of G. lucidum as a therapeutic option for AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种高发性神经退行性疾病，其特征为认知障碍、记忆丧失和精神异常。灵芝是一种久负盛名的药用真菌，食用历史悠久，含有多种生物活性成分，且已被证明具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗衰老和免疫调节等作用。最近的研究表明，灵芝及其成分在多个方面对AD具有潜在的治疗潜力，可延缓AD的进展，改善认知功能和生活质量。其潜在机制主要包括抑制tau蛋白过度磷酸化、抑制Aβ形成、影响活化的小胶质细胞、调节NF-κB/MAPK信号通路、抑制神经元凋亡、调节免疫系统以及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶等。本文系统综述了灵芝及其活性成分治疗AD的潜在治疗作用的相关研究，讨论了与机制研究和临床试验相关的要点，并提出了进一步的展望。总的来说，作为一种天然药用真菌，灵芝因其对AD多种发病机制的治疗效果，有潜力被开发为AD治疗的有效辅助药物。进一步的机制研究和临床试验有助于充分发掘灵芝作为AD治疗选择的全部潜力。
