Morgans R, Oliveira R, Rhodes D, Orme P, Ceylan H I, González-Fernández F T, Linán-González A, Moreira A
School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.
Front Physiol. 2024 Jan 25;15:1253417. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1253417. eCollection 2024.
The aims of this study were to: a) investigate salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and cortisol (s-Cort) responses to nine competitive fixtures in starting and non- starting soccer players; and b) compare s-IgA and s-Cort responses of starters and non-starters considering match outcome. Saliva from 19 male outfield players from an elite soccer team (mean ± SD, age 26 ± 4 years; weight 80.5 ± 8.1 kg; height 1.83 ± 0.07 m; body-fat 10.8% ± 0.7%) was collected. Saliva samples were taken on the day before each match (MD-1), 60-min before kick-off (MDpre), 30-min post-match (MDpost), and 72-h post-match (MD+3). There were five wins, one draw and three losses. The mean s-IgA value was found to be significantly lower at MD+3 compared to MDpre and MDpost. s-Cort was significantly higher at MDpost compared to MD-1 and MDpre. When compared to MDpre, a statistically significant decrease in s-Cort was observed at MD+3 compared to MDpost. Starters displayed higher s-Cort values across the nine matches. There was a significant group-by-time interaction for s-Cort. There was a significant increase in s-Cort levels at MDpost compared to MD-1 and from MDpre to MDpost in starting players. At MDpost, starters had significantly higher s-Cort values. s-IgA values of starting and non- starting players following successful and unsuccessful matches did not reveal a significant difference. However, similar analysis of s-Cort in successful matches showed a significant difference between starters and non-starters. s-IgA values at MD-1, MDpre, MDpost and MD+3 in starters and non-starters following successful and unsuccessful matches revealed significant differences at MDpre and MDpost in starters, respectively. Furthermore, s-Cort values at MD-1, MDpre, MDpost and MD+3 in starters and non-starters in successful and unsuccessful matches revealed significant differences at MD+3 in starting players. The present study suggests that in elite level soccer players, both starting status and match outcome influence s-IgA and s-Cort responses, particularly starters. Specifically, s-IgA was lower for starters before and after the match following successful outcomes. Moreover, higher s-Cort values were found before the match while lower values occurred after the match for starters in successful matches.
a）调查首发和非首发足球运动员在九场比赛中的唾液免疫球蛋白A（s-IgA）和皮质醇（s-Cort）反应；b）考虑比赛结果，比较首发球员和非首发球员的s-IgA和s-Cort反应。收集了一支精英足球队19名男性外场球员的唾液（平均值±标准差，年龄26±4岁；体重80.5±8.1千克；身高1.83±0.07米；体脂10.8%±0.7%）。在每场比赛前一天（MD-1）、开球前60分钟（MDpre）、比赛后30分钟（MDpost）和比赛后72小时（MD+3）采集唾液样本。比赛结果为五胜、一平、三负。发现MD+3时的平均s-IgA值显著低于MDpre和MDpost时的值。MDpost时的s-Cort显著高于MD-1和MDpre时的值。与MDpre相比，MD+3时的s-Cort与MDpost相比有统计学意义的下降。在九场比赛中，首发球员的s-Cort值更高。s-Cort存在显著的组×时间交互作用。与MD-1相比，首发球员在MDpost时的s-Cort水平显著升高，且从MDpre到MDpost也显著升高。在MDpost时，首发球员的s-Cort值显著更高。成功和失败比赛后首发和非首发球员的s-IgA值没有显著差异。然而，对成功比赛中s-Cort的类似分析显示首发和非首发球员之间存在显著差异。成功和失败比赛后首发和非首发球员在MD-1、MDpre、MDpost和MD+3时的s-IgA值分别在MDpre和MDpost时的首发球员中显示出显著差异。此外，成功和失败比赛中首发和非首发球员在MD-1、MDpre、MDpost和MD+3时的s-Cort值在首发球员的MD+3时显示出显著差异。本研究表明，在精英水平的足球运动员中，首发状态和比赛结果都会影响s-IgA和s-Cort反应，尤其是首发球员。具体而言，成功比赛后首发球员在比赛前后的s-IgA较低。此外，在成功比赛中，首发球员在比赛前的s-Cort值较高，而在比赛后的s-Cort值较低。
