Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 1;25(3):1739. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031739.
Single-stranded messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) plays a pivotal role in transferring genetic information, and tremendous effort has been devoted over the years to utilize its transcription efficacy in therapeutic interventions for a variety of diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Lipid nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for mRNA delivery and enabled the rapid and successful development of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Some constraints of lipid nanocarriers have encouraged the development of alternative delivery systems, such as polymer-based soft nanoparticles, which offer a modular gene delivery platform. Such macromolecule-based nanocarriers can be synthetically articulated for tailored parameters including mRNA protection, loading efficacy, and targeted release. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of polymeric architectures for mRNA delivery, their limitations, and the challenges that still exist, with the aim of expediting further research and the clinical translation of such formulations.
单链信使核糖核酸（mRNA）在传递遗传信息方面发挥着关键作用，多年来，人们投入了大量精力利用其转录效力，针对高发病率和死亡率的各种疾病进行治疗干预。脂质纳米载体已被广泛用于 mRNA 的递送来开发针对 SARS-CoV-2 的 mRNA 疫苗，并取得了快速和成功的发展。脂质纳米载体的一些限制因素鼓励了替代递药系统的发展，如基于聚合物的软纳米颗粒，它提供了一个模块化的基因递药平台。这种基于大分子的纳米载体可以通过合成来调整其参数，包括 mRNA 的保护、负载效率和靶向释放。在这篇综述中，我们强调了用于 mRNA 递药的聚合物结构的最新进展、它们的局限性以及仍然存在的挑战，旨在加速进一步的研究和这些制剂的临床转化。
