Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jan 31;12:1250152. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1250152. eCollection 2024.
The highest incidence of overweight among adults is found among women, predominantly middle-aged women. While it has been demonstrated that being overweight increases mortality by compromising physical and mental health, it also imposes substantial costs on the healthcare system. Lack of physical activity is a primary contributing factor to becoming overweight. The majority of inactive adults are women, particularly middle-aged women. Consequently, this study investigated the training program for overweight women based on the health belief model (HBM) and social support approach.
A randomized, controlled trial involving 73 overweight middle-aged women (control group: 37, intervention group: 36) was conducted using simple random sampling. The intervention group participated in six 120-min sessions per week for 6 weeks of a training program based on HBM and social support through physical activity, group discussion, role play, and media. Data were collected using the Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Bandura's Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (Bandura's ESE), and a researcher-made questionnaire before and 4 weeks after the training. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS 27 software. -values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
A training program based on HBM and social support led to improved perceived benefits ( < 0.001), cues to action ( = 0.03), and self-efficacy ( < 0.001) of physical activity; decreased perceived barriers ( = 0.001); increased social support ( = 0.001); and increased physical activity ( < 0.001). In addition, the BMI of the intervention group decreased after the training program ( = 0.01).
The findings of the study demonstrate the efficacy of the training program based on HBM and the social support approach in improving social support and physical activity of women. In addition, the study evaluates the long-term outcome in populations with varying social, economic, and cultural standings.
https://clinicaltrials.gov/, (IRCT201706236261N17).
成年人中超重的最高发病率是女性，主要是中年女性。虽然超重会通过损害身心健康而增加死亡率已被证实，但它也给医疗保健系统带来了巨大的成本。缺乏身体活动是导致超重的一个主要因素。大多数不活跃的成年人是女性，尤其是中年女性。因此，本研究基于健康信念模型（HBM）和社会支持方法，调查了超重女性的培训计划。
采用简单随机抽样，对 73 名超重中年女性（对照组 37 名，干预组 36 名）进行了一项随机对照试验。干预组每周参加 6 次、每次 120 分钟的培训课程，共 6 周，培训内容基于 HBM 和社会支持，通过体育活动、小组讨论、角色扮演和媒体进行。在培训前后和 4 周后，使用《体力活动问卷》（IPAQ）、班杜拉锻炼自我效能感量表（Bandura 的 ESE）和研究者自制问卷收集数据。使用 SPSS 27 软件进行描述性和推断性统计分析，-值 <0.05 为统计学显著。
基于 HBM 和社会支持的培训计划提高了身体活动的感知益处（ <0.001）、行动线索（ =0.03）和自我效能感（ <0.001）；降低了感知障碍（ =0.001）；增加了社会支持（ =0.001）；并增加了身体活动（ <0.001）。此外，干预组在培训计划后 BMI 降低（ =0.01）。
研究结果表明，基于 HBM 和社会支持方法的培训计划可提高女性的社会支持和身体活动。此外，本研究评估了具有不同社会、经济和文化地位的人群的长期结果。
