Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan.
PLoS One. 2024 Feb 15;19(2):e0298121. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298121. eCollection 2024.
Height loss is reported to be an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Smoking, which is responsible for a considerable proportion of deaths due to any cause, is also associated with lumbar disc degeneration, a major risk factor for height loss. Therefore, smoking could be an independent risk factor for height loss. To clarify the association between smoking status and height loss, a retrospective study with 8,984 (5,518 men and 3,466 women) Japanese workers was conducted. The present study population comprised 9,681 workers aged 40-74 years who participated in annual medical examinations between 2011 and 2017 (baseline). Subjects without a height measurement during 2012-2018 (endpoint) were excluded from the analysis (n = 697). Height loss was defined as being in the highest quartile of annul height decrease (1.48 mm/year for men and 1.79 mm/year for women). Independent of known cardiovascular risk factors, smoking was positively associated with height loss among men but not among women. With never smokers as the referent group, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) for former smokers and 1.24 (1.05, 1.46) for current smokers among men, respectively. Among women, the corresponding values were 0.98 (0.79, 1.21) and 0.90 (0.71, 1.16), respectively. Since height loss and smoking are independent risk factors for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, these results help clarify the mechanisms underlying the association between height loss and mortality risk.
身高下降被报道为全因和心血管死亡率的独立危险因素。吸烟是导致许多死因的主要原因之一，它也与腰椎间盘退变有关，而后者是身高下降的主要危险因素。因此，吸烟可能是身高下降的一个独立危险因素。为了阐明吸烟状况与身高下降之间的关系，对 8984 名（5518 名男性和 3466 名女性）日本工人进行了一项回顾性研究。本研究人群包括 9681 名年龄在 40-74 岁之间的工人，他们在 2011 年至 2017 年期间参加了年度体检（基线）。在 2012 年至 2018 年期间没有身高测量的受试者（终点）被排除在分析之外（n=697）。身高下降定义为年身高下降最高四分位数（男性为 1.48 毫米/年，女性为 1.79 毫米/年）。在排除了已知的心血管危险因素后，吸烟与男性的身高下降呈正相关，但与女性无关。以从不吸烟者为参照组，与从不吸烟者相比，男性中曾经吸烟者和现在吸烟者的调整后比值比（95%置信区间）分别为 1.15（0.98，1.35）和 1.24（1.05，1.46）。对于女性，相应的值分别为 0.98（0.79，1.21）和 0.90（0.71，1.16）。由于身高下降和吸烟是全因和心血管死亡率的独立危险因素，这些结果有助于阐明身高下降与死亡率风险之间关系的潜在机制。
