Ghiani Andrea, Mann David, Brenner Eli
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences and Institute of Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
iScience. 2024 Feb 1;27(3):109076. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109076. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.
Behavior in controlled laboratory studies is not always representative of what people do in daily life. This has prompted a recent shift toward conducting studies in natural settings. We wondered whether expectations raised by how the task is presented should also be considered. To find out, we studied gaze when walking down and up a staircase. Gaze was often directed at steps before stepping on them, but most participants did not look at every step. Importantly, participants fixated more steps and looked around less when asked to navigate the staircase than when navigating the same staircase but asked to walk outside. Presumably, expecting the staircase to be important made participants direct their gaze at more steps, despite the identical requirements when on the staircase. This illustrates that behavior can be influenced by expectations, such as expectations resulting from task instructions, even when studies are conducted in natural settings.
在受控实验室研究中的行为并不总是能代表人们在日常生活中的行为。这促使最近的研究转向在自然环境中进行。我们想知道任务呈现方式所引发的期望是否也应被考虑在内。为了找到答案,我们研究了上下楼梯时的目光注视情况。在踏上楼梯之前,目光通常会看向楼梯台阶,但大多数参与者并非会看向每一级台阶。重要的是,与被要求在楼梯上行走但同时被要求看向楼梯外相比,当被要求在楼梯上导航时,参与者注视的台阶更多,环顾四周的次数更少。据推测,尽管在楼梯上的要求相同,但由于预期楼梯很重要,参与者会将目光更多地投向更多台阶。这表明行为会受到期望的影响,比如任务指令所产生的期望,即使研究是在自然环境中进行的。