Byregowda Roopashree, Nagarajappa Nethra, Rajendra Prasad Siddegowda, Kumar M K Prasanna
Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India.
Seed Technology Research Center, All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Seed (Crops), Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Feb 6;10(4):e25683. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25683. eCollection 2024 Feb 29.
The transition from radicle emergence to seedling growth in maize is a crucial phase in the plant's life cycle, where rapid physiological and biochemical changes occur to facilitate successful development. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular processes driving this critical transition. The early divergence in gene expression patterns highlighted the upregulation of a substantial number of genes during radicle emergence. During radicle emergence, gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis unveiled active participation in biological processes such as chromatin assembly, cellular response to abiotic stress, and hormone signaling. This indicates that the initial stages of growth are marked by cellular expansion and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Conversely, in the seedling growth stage, GO analysis demonstrated a shift toward processes such as photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, reflecting a transition to energy production and enhanced growth. In contrast, seedling growth was characterized by pathways related to photosynthesis and the production of gibberellins, crucial for robust seedling development. Hormonal regulation and starch metabolism were also prominent during radicle emergence, with various hormones, including auxins, diterpenoids, and brassinosteroids, driving processes like cell enlargement and stem growth. Moreover, starch and sucrose metabolism genes were expressed to mobilize stored reserves for energy during this stage. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamic regulation of genes and pathways during this critical phase of maize development.
玉米从胚根萌发到幼苗生长的转变是其生命周期中的一个关键阶段，在此期间会发生快速的生理和生化变化，以促进成功发育。在本研究中，我们进行了比较转录组分析，以更深入地了解驱动这一关键转变的分子过程。基因表达模式的早期差异突出了胚根萌发期间大量基因的上调。在胚根萌发期间，基因本体（GO）术语富集分析揭示了其积极参与染色质组装、细胞对非生物胁迫的反应以及激素信号传导等生物过程。这表明生长的初始阶段以细胞扩张和对环境刺激的适应为特征。相反，在幼苗生长阶段，GO分析表明向光合作用、氮代谢和次生代谢物生物合成等过程转变，反映了向能量生产和生长增强的过渡。相比之下，幼苗生长的特征是与光合作用和赤霉素产生相关的途径，赤霉素对健壮的幼苗发育至关重要。激素调节和淀粉代谢在胚根萌发期间也很突出，包括生长素、二萜类化合物和油菜素内酯在内的各种激素驱动细胞扩大和茎生长等过程。此外，淀粉和蔗糖代谢基因在此阶段表达，以调动储存的储备用于能量。这些发现为玉米发育这一关键阶段的基因和途径的动态调控提供了有价值的见解。
