Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2024 Jun;54(3):479-488. doi: 10.1111/sltb.13063. Epub 2024 Feb 20.
Most research investigating the effect of suicide on loss survivors has been limited to first-degree family members. Few studies examine the impact of suicide on others outside the immediate family and the influence of relationship type and closeness on mental health.
This study used data from a sample obtained through random digit dialing (n = 805) to assess exposure to suicide loss, relationship types, perceived closeness, and mental health symptoms (prolonged grief, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder).
Familial status, friend status, and higher perceived closeness were associated with prolonged grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder, with the strongest adjusted associations observed for posttraumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief. In general, the magnitude of adjusted standardized associations for closeness and mental health symptoms was stronger than those observed for familial status and mental health symptoms and friend status and mental health symptoms.
Closeness, familial status, and friend status are associated with mental health symptoms experienced after suicide loss, but the magnitude of associations was strongest for closeness. Future studies should examine perceived closeness in addition to other factors related to relationship type and dynamics to assess the complexities of suicide bereavement reactions.
大多数研究自杀对丧失幸存者影响的研究都仅限于一级亲属。很少有研究调查自杀对直系家庭以外的其他人的影响，以及关系类型和亲密程度对心理健康的影响。
本研究使用通过随机数字拨号获得的样本数据（n=805），评估自杀丧失、关系类型、感知亲密程度和心理健康症状（持续性悲伤、抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍）的暴露情况。
家庭状况、朋友状况和更高的感知亲密程度与持续性悲伤、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍有关，与创伤后应激障碍和持续性悲伤相关的调整后关联最强。一般来说，亲密程度和心理健康症状的调整标准化关联的幅度大于家庭状况和心理健康症状以及朋友状况和心理健康症状之间的关联幅度。
亲密程度、家庭状况和朋友状况与自杀后经历的心理健康症状有关，但亲密程度的关联幅度最大。未来的研究应该除了其他与关系类型和动态相关的因素外，还应检查感知的亲密程度，以评估自杀丧亲反应的复杂性。
