O'Beirne A J, Cooper H R
J Histochem Cytochem. 1979 Aug;27(8):1148-62. doi: 10.1177/27.8.383822.
During the past 10 to 15 years immunoassays have gained acceptance as the methods of choice in the diagnosis of a number of disease states. At present the immunodiagnostic techniques employed range from radioimmunoassay for haptens through immunofluorescence for autoimmune diseases to complement fixation for viral infections. All of these assays have their own individual limitations such as: safety, short shelf life and sensitivity. The development of enzyme immunoassays, in particular enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), has led to a substantial literature which offers the view that enzyme immunoassays provide a safe, sensitive and specific alternative to standard methods for the detection of antibodies or antigens. The application of heterogeneous enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for the quantitation of haptens, macromolecular antigens and antibodies is reviewed.
在过去10到15年里，免疫测定法已被公认为诊断多种疾病状态的首选方法。目前所采用的免疫诊断技术范围广泛，从用于半抗原的放射免疫测定，到用于自身免疫性疾病的免疫荧光法，再到用于病毒感染的补体结合试验。所有这些测定法都有其各自的局限性，如安全性、保质期短和灵敏度等。酶免疫测定法，特别是酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）的发展，催生了大量文献，这些文献认为酶免疫测定法为检测抗体或抗原的标准方法提供了一种安全、灵敏且特异的替代方法。本文综述了非均相酶联免疫吸附测定法在半抗原、大分子抗原和抗体定量分析中的应用。
