Manfrini Nicola, Notarbartolo Samuele, Grifantini Renata, Pesce Elisa
INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy.
Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Antibodies (Basel). 2024 Feb 8;13(1):13. doi: 10.3390/antib13010013.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to almost seven million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection through respiratory transmission and can occur either without any symptoms or with clinical manifestations which can be mild, severe or, in some cases, even fatal. Innate immunity provides the initial defense against the virus by sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and triggering signaling pathways that activate the antiviral and inflammatory responses, which limit viral replication and help the identification and removal of infected cells. However, temporally dysregulated and excessive activation of the innate immune response is deleterious for the host and associates with severe COVID-19. In addition to its defensive role, innate immunity is pivotal in priming the adaptive immune response and polarizing its effector function. This capacity is relevant in the context of both SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病大流行已导致全球近700万人死亡。SARS-CoV-2通过呼吸道传播引起感染，感染可能没有任何症状，也可能出现轻度、重度或在某些情况下甚至致命的临床表现。固有免疫通过感知病原体相关分子模式并触发激活抗病毒和炎症反应的信号通路，为抵御病毒提供初始防御，这些反应可限制病毒复制，并有助于识别和清除受感染细胞。然而，固有免疫反应在时间上失调和过度激活对宿主有害，并与严重的2019冠状病毒病相关。除了其防御作用外，固有免疫在启动适应性免疫反应和使其效应功能极化方面也起着关键作用。这种能力在SARS-CoV-2自然感染和2019冠状病毒病疫苗接种的背景下都具有相关性。在此，我们概述了目前对SARS-CoV-2感染和疫苗接种的固有免疫反应的认识。
