Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Biomolecules. 2024 Feb 14;14(2):221. doi: 10.3390/biom14020221.
Polyphenols, long-used components of medicinal plants, have drawn great interest in recent years as potential therapeutic agents because of their safety, efficacy, and wide range of biological effects. Approximately 75% of the world's population still use plant-based medicinal compounds, indicating the ongoing significance of phytochemicals for human health. This study emphasizes the growing body of research investigating the anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity functions of polyphenols. The functions of polyphenols, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and phenolic acids, are distinct due to changes in chemical diversity and structural characteristics. This review methodically investigates the mechanisms by which naturally occurring polyphenols mediate obesity and metabolic function in immunomodulation. To this end, hormonal control of hunger has the potential to inhibit pro-obesity enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, the promotion of energy expenditure, and the modulation of adipocytokine production. Specifically, polyphenols affect insulin, a hormone that is essential for regulating blood sugar, and they also play a role, in part, in a complex web of factors that affect the progression of obesity. This review also explores the immunomodulatory properties of polyphenols, providing insight into their ability to improve immune function and the effects of polyphenols on gut health, improving the number of commensal bacteria, cytokine production suppression, and immune cell mediation, including natural killer cells and macrophages. Taken together, continuous studies are required to understand the prudent and precise mechanisms underlying polyphenols' therapeutic potential in obesity and immunomodulation. In the interim, this review emphasizes a holistic approach to health and promotes the consumption of a wide range of foods and drinks high in polyphenols. This review lays the groundwork for future developments, indicating that the components of polyphenols and their derivatives may provide the answer to urgent worldwide health issues. This compilation of the body of knowledge paves the way for future discoveries in the global treatment of pressing health concerns in obesity and metabolic diseases.
多酚是药用植物中的长期使用的成分，由于其安全性、有效性和广泛的生物学效应，近年来作为潜在的治疗剂引起了极大的兴趣。大约 75%的世界人口仍然使用植物药化合物，这表明植物化学物质对人类健康仍然具有重要意义。本研究强调了越来越多的研究调查多酚的抗脂肪生成和抗肥胖功能。多酚的功能，包括苯丙烷类、类黄酮类、萜类、生物碱类、糖苷类和酚酸类，由于化学多样性和结构特征的变化而不同。本综述系统地研究了天然多酚在免疫调节中介导肥胖和代谢功能的机制。为此，激素对饥饿的控制有可能抑制促肥胖酶，如胰腺脂肪酶，促进能量消耗，并调节脂肪细胞因子的产生。具体而言，多酚会影响胰岛素，胰岛素是调节血糖所必需的激素，它们在影响肥胖进展的复杂因素网络中也发挥作用。本综述还探讨了多酚的免疫调节特性，深入了解其改善免疫功能的能力，以及多酚对肠道健康的影响，改善共生菌的数量、抑制细胞因子的产生以及免疫细胞的调节，包括自然杀伤细胞和巨噬细胞。总之，需要进行持续的研究以了解多酚在肥胖和免疫调节中的治疗潜力的谨慎和精确机制。在此期间，本综述强调了一种整体的健康方法，并提倡食用富含多酚的多种食物和饮料。本综述为未来的发展奠定了基础，表明多酚的成分及其衍生物可能为解决全球范围内紧迫的健康问题提供答案。本知识体系的汇编为未来在肥胖和代谢疾病的全球治疗方面的发现铺平了道路。
