Hakami Zaki H
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Pathol Res Pract. 2024 Mar;255:155216. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155216. Epub 2024 Feb 16.
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, encompassing gastric, hepatic, colonic, and rectal cancers, are prevalent forms of cancer globally and contribute substantially to cancer-related mortality. Although there have been improvements in methods for diagnosing and treating GI cancers, the chances of survival for these types of cancers are still extremely low. According to the World Cancer Research International Fund's most recent figures, stomach cancer was responsible for roughly one million deaths worldwide in 2020. This emphasizes the importance of developing more effective tools for detecting, diagnosing, and predicting the outcome of these cancers at an early stage. Biomarkers, quantitative indications of biological processes or disease states, have emerged as promising techniques for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of GI malignancies. Recently, there has been a considerable endeavor to discover and authenticate biomarkers for various GI cancers by the utilization of diverse methodologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This review provides a thorough examination of the current state of biomarker research in the field of gastrointestinal malignancies, with a specific emphasis on colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers. A thorough literature search was performed on prominent databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find pertinent papers published until November, 2023 for the purpose of compiling this review. The diverse categories of biomarkers, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and protein-based biomarkers, and their potential utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection, are explored. Recent progress in identifying and confirming biomarkers, as well as the obstacles that persist in employing biomarkers in clinical settings are emphasized. The utilization of biomarkers in GI cancers has significant potential in enhancing patient outcomes. Ongoing research is expected to uncover more efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of these cancers.
胃肠道（GI）恶性肿瘤，包括胃癌、肝癌、结肠癌和直肠癌，是全球普遍存在的癌症形式，对癌症相关死亡率有重大影响。尽管胃肠道癌症的诊断和治疗方法有所改进，但这些类型癌症的存活几率仍然极低。根据世界癌症研究国际基金的最新数据，2020年全球约有100万人死于胃癌。这凸显了开发更有效工具以在早期检测、诊断和预测这些癌症预后的重要性。生物标志物作为生物过程或疾病状态的定量指标，已成为增强胃肠道恶性肿瘤诊断和预后的有前景技术。最近，人们通过利用包括基因组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学在内的各种方法，大力开展了发现和验证各种胃肠道癌症生物标志物的工作。本综述全面审视了胃肠道恶性肿瘤领域生物标志物研究的现状，特别关注结直肠癌、胃癌和肝癌。为编写本综述，在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science等知名数据库上进行了全面的文献检索，以查找截至2023年11月发表的相关论文。探讨了包括基于基因、表观遗传和蛋白质的生物标志物在内的不同类别生物标志物，以及它们在诊断、预后和治疗选择领域的潜在用途。强调了在识别和确认生物标志物方面的最新进展，以及在临床环境中使用生物标志物仍然存在的障碍。生物标志物在胃肠道癌症中的应用在改善患者预后方面具有巨大潜力。预计正在进行的研究将发现更有效的生物标志物用于这些癌症的诊断和预后。
