Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Exp Eye Res. 2024 Apr;241:109831. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109831. Epub 2024 Feb 22.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released as highly stable lipid bilayer particles carrying proteins, lipids, glycans and miRNAs. The contents of EVs vary based on the cellular origin, biogenesis route and the functional state of the cell suggesting certain diseased conditions. A growing body of evidence show that EVs carry important molecules implicated in the development and progression of ophthalmic diseases. EVs associated with ophthalmic diseases are mainly carried by one of the three ocular biofluids which include tears, aqueous humor and vitreous humor. This review summarizes the list of EV derived biomarkers identified thus far in ocular fluids for ophthalmic disease diagnosis. Further, the methods used for sample collection, sample volume and the sample numbers used in these studies have been highlighted. Emphasis has been given to describe the EV isolation and the characterization methods used, EV size profiled and the EV concentrations analyzed by these studies, thus providing a roadmap for future EV biomarker studies in ocular fluids.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是作为高度稳定的脂质双层颗粒释放的，携带蛋白质、脂质、聚糖和 miRNAs。EVs 的内容根据细胞起源、生物发生途径和细胞的功能状态而变化，提示某些疾病状况。越来越多的证据表明，EVs 携带在眼科疾病的发展和进展中起重要作用的分子。与眼科疾病相关的 EV 主要由三种眼生物体液之一携带，包括泪液、房水和玻璃体。本综述总结了迄今为止在眼部体液中发现的用于眼科疾病诊断的 EV 衍生生物标志物列表。此外，还强调了这些研究中使用的样本采集方法、样本量和样本数量。重点介绍了这些研究中使用的 EV 分离和表征方法、EV 大小分析和 EV 浓度分析，为眼部体液中 EV 生物标志物的未来研究提供了路线图。
