Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El- Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 25;14(1):4581. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54698-2.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are highly promising in cancer therapy, wound healing, drug delivery, biosensing, and biomedical imaging. Furthermore, GNPs have anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, antioxidants, anti-proliferative and anti-diabetic effects. The present study presents an eco-friendly approach for GNPs biosynthesis using the cell-free supernatant of Streptomyces albogriseolus as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesized GNPs have a maximum absorption peak at 540 nm. The TEM images showed that GNPs ranged in size from 5.42 to 13.34 nm and had a spherical shape. GNPs have a negatively charged surface with a Zeta potential of - 24.8 mV. FTIR analysis identified several functional groups including C-H, -OH, C-N, amines and amide groups. The crystalline structure of GNPs was verified by X-ray diffraction and the well-defined and distinct diffraction rings observed by the selected area electron diffraction analysis. To optimize the biosynthesis of GNPs using the cell-free supernatant of S. albogriseolus, 30 experimental runs were conducted using central composite design (CCD). The artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to analyze, validate, and predict GNPs biosynthesis compared to CCD. The maximum experimental yield of GNPs (778.74 μg/mL) was obtained with a cell-free supernatant concentration of 70%, a HAuCl concentration of 800 μg/mL, an initial pH of 7, and a 96-h incubation time. The theoretically predicted yields of GNPs by CCD and ANN were 809.89 and 777.32 μg/mL, respectively, which indicates that ANN has stronger prediction potential compared to the CCD. The anticancer activity of GNPs was compared to that of doxorubicin (Dox) in vitro against the HeP-G2 human cancer cell line. The IC values of Dox and GNPs-based treatments were 7.26 ± 0.4 and 22.13 ± 1.3 µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, treatments combining Dox and GNPs together showed an IC value of 3.52 ± 0.1 µg/mL, indicating that they targeted cancer cells more efficiently.
金纳米颗粒（GNPs）在癌症治疗、伤口愈合、药物输送、生物传感和生物医学成像方面具有广阔的应用前景。此外，GNPs 还具有抗炎、抗血管生成、抗氧化、抗增殖和抗糖尿病的作用。本研究提出了一种使用链霉菌细胞无细胞上清液作为还原剂和稳定剂来合成 GNPs 的环保方法。所合成的 GNPs 的最大吸收峰在 540nm 处。TEM 图像显示，GNPs 的尺寸范围为 5.42 至 13.34nm，呈球形。GNPs 带负电荷，Zeta 电位为-24.8mV。FTIR 分析鉴定了几个功能基团，包括 C-H、-OH、C-N、胺和酰胺基团。通过 X 射线衍射和选区电子衍射分析观察到的清晰而独特的衍射环，证实了 GNPs 的结晶结构。为了优化使用链霉菌细胞无细胞上清液合成 GNPs，使用中心组合设计（CCD）进行了 30 次实验。与 CCD 相比，人工神经网络（ANN）用于分析、验证和预测 GNPs 的生物合成。在细胞无细胞上清液浓度为 70%、HAuCl 浓度为 800μg/mL、初始 pH 值为 7 和 96 小时孵育时间的条件下，获得了最大的 GNPs 实验产率（778.74μg/mL）。CCD 和 ANN 理论预测的 GNPs 产率分别为 809.89 和 777.32μg/mL，这表明 ANN 比 CCD 具有更强的预测潜力。体外比较了 GNPs 与阿霉素（Dox）对 Hep-G2 人癌细胞系的抗癌活性。Dox 和基于 GNPs 的治疗的 IC 值分别为 7.26±0.4 和 22.13±1.3μg/mL。有趣的是，联合使用 Dox 和 GNPs 的治疗 IC 值为 3.52±0.1μg/mL，表明它们更有效地靶向癌细胞。
