Alshareef Sahar A
Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2024 Apr;31(4):103956. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103956. Epub 2024 Feb 18.
The target of the present work is to study the most abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) of glycosyltransferase (GT) class, which are encoded by fungiome genes present in the rhizospheric soil of the plant species . The datasets of this CAZy class were recovered using metagenomic whole shotgun genome sequencing approach, and the resultant CAZymes were searched against the KEGG pathway database to identify function. High emphasis was given to the two GT families, GT4 and GT2, which were the highest within GT class in the number and abundance of gene queries in this soil compartment. These two GT families harbor CAZymes playing crucial roles in cell membrane and cell wall processes. These CAZymes are responsible for synthesizing essential structural components such as cellulose and chitin, which contribute to the integrity of cell walls in plants and fungi. The CAZyme beta-1,3-glucan synthase of GT2 family accumulates 1,3-β-glucan, which provides elasticity as well as tensile strength to the fungal cell wall. Other GT CAZymes contribute to the biosynthesis of several compounds crucial for cell membrane and wall integrity, including lipopolysaccharide, e.g., lipopolysaccharide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, cell wall teichoic acid, e.g., alpha-glucosyltransferase, and cellulose, e.g., cellulose synthase. These compounds also play pivotal roles in ion homeostasis, organic carbon mineralization, and osmoprotection against abiotic stresses in plants. This study emphasizes the major roles of these two CAZy GT families in connecting the structure and function of cell membranes and cell walls of fungal and plant cells. The study also sheds light on the potential occurrence of tripartite symbiotic relationships involving the plant, rhizospheric bacteriome, and fungiome via the action of CAZymes of GT4 and GT2 families. These findings provide valuable insights towards the generation of innovative agricultural practices to enhance the performance of crop plants in the future.
本研究的目标是研究糖基转移酶（GT）家族中最丰富的碳水化合物活性酶（CAZymes），这些酶由植物物种根际土壤中的真菌基因组基因编码。使用宏基因组全基因组鸟枪法测序方法获取该CAZy家族的数据集，并将所得的CAZymes与KEGG通路数据库进行比对以确定其功能。重点关注了两个GT家族，即GT4和GT2，它们在该土壤区域的基因查询数量和丰度方面在GT家族中是最高的。这两个GT家族包含在细胞膜和细胞壁过程中起关键作用的CAZymes。这些CAZymes负责合成诸如纤维素和几丁质等重要的结构成分，这些成分有助于植物和真菌细胞壁的完整性。GT2家族的CAZymeβ-1,3-葡聚糖合酶积累1,3-β-葡聚糖，为真菌细胞壁提供弹性和拉伸强度。其他GT CAZymes有助于合成对细胞膜和细胞壁完整性至关重要的几种化合物，包括脂多糖，如脂多糖N-乙酰葡糖胺基转移酶、细胞壁磷壁酸，如α-葡糖基转移酶，以及纤维素，如纤维素合酶。这些化合物在植物的离子稳态、有机碳矿化和抗非生物胁迫的渗透保护中也起着关键作用。本研究强调了这两个CAZy GT家族在连接真菌和植物细胞的细胞膜与细胞壁的结构和功能方面的主要作用。该研究还揭示了通过GT4和GT2家族的CAZymes作用，植物、根际细菌群落和真菌群落之间可能存在三方共生关系。这些发现为未来开发创新农业实践以提高作物性能提供了有价值的见解。
