Niode Nurdjannah Jane, Kepel Billy Johnson, Hessel Sofia Safitri, Kairupan Tara Sefanya, Tallei Trina Ekawati
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Vet World. 2024 Jan;17(1):156-170. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.156-170. Epub 2024 Jan 20.
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern due to the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which makes it difficult to treat infection. Due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against a diverse array of bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, larval antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have demonstrated potential as antimicrobial agents for the treatment of microbial infections and prevention of antibiotic resistance. This study emphasizes the unexplored mechanisms of action of larvae against microorganisms. Among the most widely discussed mechanisms is the effect of AMPs in larvae in response to a threat or infection. Modulation of immune-related genes in the intestine and phagocytic capacity of its hemocytes may also affect the antimicrobial activity of larvae, with an increase in phenoloxidase activity possibly correlated with microbial clearance and survival rates of larvae. The safety and toxicity of larvae extracts, as well as their long-term efficacy, are also addressed in this paper. The implications of future research are explored in this paper, and it is certain that larvae have the potential to be developed as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with proper investigation.
由于抗生素耐药性微生物的增加，抗菌药物耐药性日益受到关注，这使得感染难以治疗。由于幼虫抗菌肽（AMPs）对多种细菌（包括革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌）以及真菌具有广谱抗菌特性，它们已显示出作为抗菌剂用于治疗微生物感染和预防抗生素耐药性的潜力。本研究强调了幼虫对抗微生物的未被探索的作用机制。在讨论最广泛的机制中，有AMPs在幼虫中对威胁或感染的反应所产生的影响。肠道中免疫相关基因的调节及其血细胞的吞噬能力也可能影响幼虫的抗菌活性，酚氧化酶活性的增加可能与微生物清除和幼虫存活率相关。本文还讨论了幼虫提取物的安全性和毒性以及它们的长期疗效。本文探讨了未来研究的意义，并且可以肯定的是，经过适当的研究，幼虫有潜力被开发成为一种广谱抗菌剂。
