The D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Marketing, Yale School of Management, New Haven, CT, USA.
Nat Hum Behav. 2024 Feb;8(2):228-242. doi: 10.1038/s41562-023-01779-3. Epub 2024 Feb 26.
We examine judgements of bias in distributional outcomes. Such judgements are often based on imbalance in distributional outcomes, namely, the under- or over-representation of a target group relative to some baseline. Using data from 26 studies (N = 14,925), we test how these judgements of bias vary with the target group's characteristics (traditionally dominant or non-dominant) and the observer's political ideology (liberal or conservative). We find that conservatives set a higher threshold for recognizing bias against traditionally non-dominant targets (women, Black people, immigrants), as compared with liberals. Conversely, liberals set a higher threshold for recognizing bias against traditionally dominant targets (men, white people, native-born citizens), as compared with conservatives. However, these relationships between political ideology and judgements of bias diminish when the targets are unknown or ideologically irrelevant. These findings emphasize the context-dependency of bias judgements and underscore the importance of stimulus sampling and appropriate selection of controls.
我们考察了对分配结果偏差的判断。这种判断通常基于分配结果的不平衡，即相对于某个基线，目标群体的代表性不足或过度。我们使用来自 26 项研究的数据（N=14925），检验了这些偏差判断如何随目标群体的特征（传统上的主导群体或非主导群体）和观察者的政治意识形态（自由派或保守派）而变化。我们发现，与自由派相比，保守派对传统上非主导群体（女性、黑人、移民）的歧视判断设定了更高的门槛。相反，与保守派相比，自由派对传统上占主导地位的群体（男性、白人、土生土长的公民）的歧视判断设定了更高的门槛。然而，当目标群体不为人知或在意识形态上无关紧要时，政治意识形态与偏差判断之间的这种关系会减弱。这些发现强调了偏差判断的语境依赖性，并突出了刺激抽样和适当选择对照组的重要性。
