Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2024 Feb;37(2):73-83. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-10-23-0177-HH. Epub 2024 Feb 28.
Embedded in the plasma membrane of plant cells, receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor proteins (RPs) act as key sentinels, responsible for detecting potential pathogenic invaders. These proteins were originally characterized more than three decades ago as disease resistance (R) proteins, a concept that was formulated based on Harold Flor's gene-for-gene theory. This theory implies genetic interaction between specific plant R proteins and corresponding pathogenic effectors, eliciting effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Over the years, extensive research has unraveled their intricate roles in pathogen sensing and immune response modulation. RKs and RPs recognize molecular patterns from microbes as well as dangers from plant cells in initiating pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and danger-triggered immunity (DTI), which have intricate connections with ETI. Moreover, these proteins are involved in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. This review showcases seminal studies in discovering RKs and RPs as R proteins and discusses the recent advances in understanding their functions in sensing pathogen signals and the plant cell integrity and in preventing autoimmunity, ultimately contributing to a robust and balanced plant defense response. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.
植物细胞质膜中嵌入的受体激酶（RKs）和受体蛋白（RPs）作为关键的哨兵，负责检测潜在的致病入侵者。这些蛋白质最初被描述为 30 多年前的抗病（R）蛋白，这一概念是基于 Harold Flor 的基因对基因理论提出的。该理论暗示特定植物 R 蛋白与相应的致病效应子之间存在遗传相互作用，引发效应子触发的免疫（ETI）。多年来，大量研究揭示了它们在病原体感应和免疫反应调节中的复杂作用。RKs 和 RPs 通过识别微生物的分子模式以及植物细胞的危险来启动模式触发免疫（PTI）和危险触发免疫（DTI），它们与 ETI 有着复杂的联系。此外，这些蛋白质还参与维持免疫稳态和预防自身免疫。本综述展示了作为 R 蛋白发现 RKs 和 RPs 的开创性研究，并讨论了近年来对其在感应病原体信号以及植物细胞完整性方面的功能的理解的最新进展，以及在预防自身免疫方面的作用，最终有助于植物产生强大而平衡的防御反应。 [公式：见正文] 作者已将该作品根据知识共享署名 4.0 国际许可协议（CC BY 4.0）发布，将作品贡献至公共领域，在全世界范围内，许可他人复制、发行、展览、表演、放映、广播或通过信息网络传播作品，以及进行改编、翻译、汇编等创作活动。
