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欧盟关于2021 - 2022年人类、动物和食品中动物源及指示性细菌的抗菌药物耐药性总结报告。

The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2021-2022.

出版信息

EFSA J. 2024 Feb 28;22(2):e8583. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8583. eCollection 2024 Feb.

DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8583
PMID:38419967
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10900121/
Abstract

This report by the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control, provides an overview of the main findings of the 2021-2022 harmonised Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) monitoring in spp., and from humans and food-producing animals (broilers, laying hens and fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and cattle under one year of age) and relevant meat thereof. For animals and meat thereof, AMR data on indicator commensal , presumptive extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-/AmpC beta-lactamases (AmpC)-/carbapenemase (CP)-producing , and the occurrence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) are also analysed. Generally, resistance levels differed greatly between reporting countries and antimicrobials. Resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was frequently found in and isolates from humans and animals. In humans, increasing trends in resistance to one of two critically antimicrobials (CIA) for treatment was observed in poultry-associated serovars and , in at least half of the reporting countries. Combined resistance to CIA was however observed at low levels except in some serovars and in from humans and animals in some countries. While CP-producing isolates were not detected in animals in 2021-2022, nor in 2021 for human cases, in 2022 five human cases of CP-producing were reported (four harbouring or genes). The reporting of a number of CP-producing isolates (harbouring , , and genes) in fattening pigs, cattle under 1 year of age, poultry and meat thereof by a limited number of MSs (5) in 2021 and 2022, requires a thorough follow-up. The temporal trend analyses in both key outcome indicators (rate of complete susceptibility and prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producers in ) showed an encouraging progress in reducing AMR in food-producing animals in several EU MSs over the last 7 years.

摘要

欧洲食品安全局和欧洲疾病预防控制中心的这份报告概述了2021 - 2022年在[具体物种1]、[具体物种2]以及来自人类和食用动物（肉鸡、蛋鸡、育肥火鸡、育肥猪和一岁以下牛）及其相关肉类中进行的统一抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）监测的主要结果。对于动物及其肉类，还分析了指示性共生菌、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）/AmpCβ-内酰胺酶（AmpC）/碳青霉烯酶（CP）的[具体细菌]以及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的AMR数据。总体而言，报告国家和抗菌药物之间的耐药水平差异很大。在来自人类和动物的[具体细菌1]和[具体细菌2]分离株中经常发现对常用抗菌药物的耐药性。在人类中，在至少一半的报告国家中，在家禽相关的[具体血清型1]和[具体血清型2]中观察到对两种关键治疗性抗菌药物（CIA）之一的耐药性呈上升趋势。然而，除了一些[具体血清型]以及一些国家中来自人类和动物的[具体细菌]外，对CIA的联合耐药性水平较低。虽然在2021 - 2022年动物中未检测到产CP的[具体细菌]分离株，2021年人类病例中也未检测到，但2022年报告了5例产CP的[具体细菌]人类病例（4例携带[具体基因1]或[具体基因2]）。2021年和2022年少数成员国（5个）报告在育肥猪、一岁以下牛、家禽及其肉类中存在一些产CP的[具体细菌]分离株（携带[具体基因3]、[具体基因4]、[具体基因5]和[具体基因6]），这需要进行彻底的跟踪。两个关键结果指标（完全敏感性率和产ESBL/AmpC的[具体细菌]的流行率）的时间趋势分析表明，在过去7年中，几个欧盟成员国在降低食用动物中的AMR方面取得了令人鼓舞的进展。

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1
in Livestock: Molecular Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Translational Strategies for One Health Protection.在《家畜：分子流行病学、抗菌药物耐药性及一体化健康保护的转化策略》中。
Vet Sci. 2025 Aug 13;12(8):757. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12080757.
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Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in Meat Products-Current Concepts.肉类产品中的细菌抗微生物耐药性——当前概念
Foods. 2025 Aug 11;14(16):2792. doi: 10.3390/foods14162792.
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Exploring the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment Through Bonelli's Eagles () as Sentinels.

本文引用的文献

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From farm to fork: Spread of a multidrug resistant Salmonella Infantis clone encoding bla on pESI-like plasmids in Central Italy.从农场到餐桌：意大利中部携带 bla 基因的 pESI 样质粒的多重耐药性肠炎沙门氏菌克隆的传播。
Int J Food Microbiol. 2024 Jan 30;410:110490. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110490. Epub 2023 Nov 17.
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A review of the global emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Infantis.《全球多重耐药性肠炎沙门氏菌肠炎亚种血清型婴儿的出现》述评。
Int J Food Microbiol. 2023 Oct 16;403:110297. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110297. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
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An overview of carbapenem-resistant organisms from food-producing animals, seafood, aquaculture, companion animals, and wildlife.
通过邦纳利鹰作为哨兵探索环境中抗菌药物耐药性的流行情况。
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Jul 22;14(8):734. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14080734.
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Reconstructing the Antibiotic Pipeline: Natural Alternatives to Antibacterial Agents.重建抗生素研发渠道：抗菌剂的天然替代物
Biomolecules. 2025 Aug 18;15(8):1182. doi: 10.3390/biom15081182.
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Antimicrobial Resistance in from Hedgehogs () Admitted to a Wildlife Rescue Center.来自野生动物救助中心收治的刺猬（）的抗菌药物耐药性
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 27;15(15):2206. doi: 10.3390/ani15152206.
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Harnessing probiotics and bacteriophages to fight Salmonella and limit the use of antibiotics in broilers: a study in commercial conditions.利用益生菌和噬菌体对抗沙门氏菌并限制肉鸡抗生素使用：一项商业条件下的研究
Poult Sci. 2025 Jul 24;104(10):105595. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105595.
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Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter sp. isolated from human stool samples including comparison of ellipsoid test and broth microdilution for meropenem.从人类粪便样本中分离出的弯曲杆菌属的抗生素敏感性模式，包括美罗培南的椭圆体试验和肉汤微量稀释法的比较。
GMS Infect Dis. 2025 Jun 17;13:Doc02. doi: 10.3205/id000092. eCollection 2025.
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Occurrence of extended- spectrum β-lactamases and ertapenem- mono- resistance in isolated from diarrheal calves.从腹泻犊牛分离出的菌株中广谱β-内酰胺酶的出现及厄他培南单耐药性
One Health. 2025 Jul 10;21:101138. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101138. eCollection 2025 Dec.
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Dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing in poultry in Zimbabwe.津巴布韦家禽中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌的传播情况。
Microb Genom. 2025 Jul;11(7). doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.001454.
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Epidemiological features of nontyphoidal Salmonella infections reported to foodborne disease surveillance system in china, 2013-2022.2013 - 2022年中国食源性疾病监测系统报告的非伤寒沙门氏菌感染的流行病学特征
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 2;25(1):2258. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23439-z.
来自食用动物、海鲜、水产养殖、伴侣动物和野生动物的耐碳青霉烯类微生物概述。
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Jun 15;10:1158588. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158588. eCollection 2023.
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The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2020/2021.《2020/2021年欧盟关于人畜共患病原体及人类、动物和食物中指示菌的抗菌药物耐药性总结报告》
EFSA J. 2023 Mar 6;21(3):e07867. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7867. eCollection 2023 Mar.
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and MRSA in Livestock: Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Lineages.家畜中的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）：抗菌药物耐药性与遗传谱系
Microorganisms. 2023 Jan 3;11(1):124. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11010124.
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Carbapenem resistance in critically important human pathogens isolated from companion animals: a systematic literature review.从伴侣动物中分离出的对人类至关重要的病原体中的碳青霉烯类耐药性：一项系统文献综述。
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022 Dec;13(6):407-423. doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0033. Epub 2022 Dec 16.
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The hazard of carbapenemase (OXA-181)-producing spreading in pig and veal calf holdings in Italy in the genomics era: Risk of spill over and spill back between humans and animals.基因组学时代意大利生猪和犊牛养殖场中产生碳青霉烯酶（OXA - 181）的危害传播：人畜之间溢出和回溢的风险
Front Microbiol. 2022 Nov 17;13:1016895. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1016895. eCollection 2022.
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Prevalence, Infectious Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of and Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA) in Two Raw-Meat Processing Establishments in Northern Greece.希腊北部两家生肉加工企业中金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的流行情况、感染特征及遗传多样性
Pathogens. 2022 Nov 17;11(11):1370. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11111370.
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MRSA in Humans, Pets and Livestock in Portugal: Where We Came from and Where We Are Going.葡萄牙人类、宠物和家畜中的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌：我们来自何处，又将去往何方。
Pathogens. 2022 Sep 27;11(10):1110. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11101110.
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Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Thermotolerant spp. Isolated from Human and Poultry Samples in Georgia (Caucasus).格鲁吉亚（高加索地区）从人类和家禽样本中分离出的耐热菌属的抗菌药敏谱比较
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Oct 17;11(10):1419. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11101419.