Bhattacharjee Abhishek, Savargaonkar Aniruddha Vijay, Tahir Muhammad, Sionkowska Alina, Popat Ketul C
School of Advanced Material Discovery, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA.
RSC Adv. 2024 Mar 1;14(11):7440-7458. doi: 10.1039/d3ra08738g. eCollection 2024 Feb 29.
Polymeric biomaterials are a widely used class of materials due to their versatile properties. However, as with all other types of materials used for biomaterials, polymers also have to interact with blood. When blood comes into contact with any foreign body, it initiates a cascade which leads to platelet activation and blood coagulation. The implant surface also has to encounter a thromboinflammatory response which makes the implant integrity vulnerable, this leads to blood coagulation on the implant and obstructs it from performing its function. Hence, the surface plays a pivotal role in the design and application of biomaterials. In particular, the surface properties of biomaterials are responsible for biocompatibility with biological systems and hemocompatibility. This review provides a report on recent advances in the field of surface modification approaches for improved hemocompatibility. We focus on the surface properties of polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymers. The blood coagulation cascade has been discussed and blood - material surface interactions have also been explained. The interactions of blood proteins and cells with polymeric material surfaces have been discussed. Moreover, the benefits as well as drawbacks of blood coagulation on the implant surface for wound healing purposes have also been studied. Surface modifications implemented by other researchers to enhance as well as prevent blood coagulation have also been analyzed.
聚合物生物材料因其多样的性能而成为一类广泛使用的材料。然而，与用于生物材料的所有其他类型材料一样，聚合物也必须与血液相互作用。当血液与任何异物接触时，会引发一系列反应，导致血小板活化和血液凝固。植入物表面还必须应对血栓炎症反应，这会使植入物的完整性受到影响，进而导致植入物上的血液凝固并阻碍其发挥功能。因此，表面在生物材料的设计和应用中起着关键作用。特别是，生物材料的表面性质决定了其与生物系统的生物相容性和血液相容性。本综述报告了在改善血液相容性的表面改性方法领域的最新进展。我们重点关注多糖、蛋白质和合成聚合物的表面性质。讨论了血液凝固级联反应，并解释了血液与材料表面的相互作用。探讨了血液蛋白质和细胞与聚合物材料表面的相互作用。此外，还研究了植入物表面血液凝固对伤口愈合的益处和弊端。分析了其他研究人员为增强和防止血液凝固而进行的表面改性。
