Meeks J
Semin Adolesc Med. 1985 Dec;1(4):231-3.
Although all children have the potential for becoming destructively involved with psychoactive drugs, there is considerable evidence that youngsters with particular kinds of psychologic and family problems are at high risk for chemical dependency. These include youngsters with developmental deficiencies that interfere with their capacity to master the environment. Children with a strong family history of alcoholism or drug abuse also seem to be at high risk. Obviously, there is some overlap between these two groups, not only because parental drug abuse and alcoholism may damage the fetus, but because chemically dependent parents are more likely to abuse or neglect their children because of the impact of their own illness on their functioning as parents. In addition, families in which drug use is modeled as a typical behavior are more likely to produce adolescents who use drugs, although rigid rules against drug use are relatively ineffective in preventing adolescents from experimenting with drugs. Finally, certain behavior patterns in young childhood--particularly severe aggressiveness, rebelliousness, and learning problems at school--seem to be correlated with the development of chemical dependency during adolescence.
尽管所有儿童都有可能沉溺于精神活性药物而造成破坏，但有大量证据表明，有特定心理和家庭问题的青少年面临药物依赖的高风险。这些问题包括妨碍他们掌控环境能力的发育缺陷。有酗酒或药物滥用家族病史的儿童似乎也处于高风险之中。显然，这两组之间存在一些重叠，这不仅是因为父母的药物滥用和酗酒可能损害胎儿，还因为药物依赖的父母由于自身疾病对其作为父母的功能的影响，更有可能虐待或忽视他们的孩子。此外，将吸毒作为典型行为模式的家庭更有可能培养出吸毒的青少年，尽管严格禁止吸毒的规定在防止青少年尝试吸毒方面相对无效。最后，幼儿期的某些行为模式——尤其是严重的攻击性、叛逆性和在学校的学习问题——似乎与青少年期药物依赖的发展相关。
