Berriel Pinho Victor Hugo, Daher João Paulo Lima, Kanaan Salim, Medeiros Thalia
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, NIterói RJ, Brazil.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2024 Mar;82(3):1-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1779296. Epub 2024 Mar 11.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by cells that facilitate cell signaling. They are categorized based on their biogenesis and size. In the context of the central nervous system (CNS), EVs have been extensively studied for their role in both normal physiological functions and diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal death. EVs have emerged as potential biomarkers for AD due to their involvement in disease progression. Specifically, EVs derived from neurons, astrocytes, and neuron precursor cells exhibit changes in quantity and composition in AD. Neuron-derived EVs have been found to contain key proteins associated with AD pathology, such as amyloid beta (Aß) and tau. Increased levels of Aß in neuron-derived EVs isolated from the plasma have been observed in individuals with AD and mild cognitive impairment, suggesting their potential as early biomarkers. However, the analysis of tau in neuron-derived EVs is still inconclusive. In addition to Aß and tau, neuron-derived EVs also carry other proteins linked to AD, including synaptic proteins. These findings indicate that EVs could serve as biomarkers for AD, particularly for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. However, further research is required to validate their use and explore potential therapeutic applications. To summarize, EVs are small vesicles involved in cell signaling within the CNS. They hold promise as biomarkers for AD, potentially enabling early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Ongoing research aims to refine their use as biomarkers and uncover additional therapeutic applications.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞释放的小囊泡，有助于细胞信号传导。它们根据其生物发生和大小进行分类。在中枢神经系统（CNS）的背景下，EVs在正常生理功能和阿尔茨海默病（AD）等疾病中的作用已得到广泛研究。AD是一种以认知衰退和神经元死亡为特征的神经退行性疾病。由于EVs参与疾病进展，它们已成为AD的潜在生物标志物。具体而言，源自神经元、星形胶质细胞和神经元前体细胞的EVs在AD中表现出数量和组成的变化。已发现神经元衍生的EVs含有与AD病理学相关的关键蛋白质，如淀粉样β蛋白（Aβ）和tau蛋白。在患有AD和轻度认知障碍的个体中，从血浆中分离出的神经元衍生的EVs中Aβ水平升高，表明它们作为早期生物标志物的潜力。然而，对神经元衍生的EVs中tau蛋白的分析仍无定论。除了Aβ和tau蛋白外，神经元衍生的EVs还携带与AD相关的其他蛋白质，包括突触蛋白。这些发现表明，EVs可以作为AD的生物标志物，特别是用于早期诊断和疾病监测。然而，需要进一步研究来验证它们的用途并探索潜在的治疗应用。总之，EVs是参与CNS内细胞信号传导的小囊泡。它们有望成为AD的生物标志物， potentially enabling early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Ongoing research aims to refine their use as biomarkers and uncover additional therapeutic applications.（此处英文原文似乎有误，按照正确理解翻译应该是“有望实现疾病进展的早期诊断和监测。正在进行的研究旨在完善它们作为生物标志物的用途，并发现其他治疗应用。” ） 它们有望成为AD的生物标志物，可能实现疾病进展的早期诊断和监测。正在进行的研究旨在完善它们作为生物标志物的用途，并发现其他治疗应用。
