Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL), Nanjing 210014, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 22;25(5):2536. doi: 10.3390/ijms25052536.
Soybean ( [L.] Merr.) is one of the primary sources of plant protein and oil for human foods, animal feed, and industrial processing. The seed number per pod generally varies from one to four and is an important component of seed number per unit area and seed yield. We used natural variation in 264 landraces and improved cultivars or lines to identify candidate genes involved in the regulation of seed number per pod in soybean. Genome-wide association tests revealed 65 loci that are associated with seed number per pod trait. Among them, 11 could be detected in multiple environments. Candidate genes were identified for seed number per pod phenotype from the most significantly associated loci, including a gene encoding protein argonaute 4, a gene encoding histone acetyltransferase of the MYST family 1, a gene encoding chromosome segregation protein SMC-1 and a gene encoding exocyst complex component EXO84A. In addition, plant hormones were found to be involved in ovule and seed development and the regulation of seed number per pod in soybean. This study facilitates the dissection of genetic networks underlying seed number per pod in soybean, which will be useful for the genetic improvement of seed yield in soybean.
大豆（[L.] Merr.）是人类食物、动物饲料和工业加工中植物蛋白和油的主要来源之一。每荚的种子数通常在一到四个之间，是单位面积种子数和种子产量的重要组成部分。我们利用 264 个地方品种和改良品种或系的自然变异来鉴定参与大豆每荚种子数调控的候选基因。全基因组关联测试揭示了 65 个与每荚种子数性状相关的位点。其中，11 个可以在多个环境中检测到。从最显著相关的位点中鉴定出与每荚种子数表型相关的候选基因，包括编码蛋白 Argonaute 4 的基因、编码 MYST 家族 1 组蛋白乙酰转移酶的基因、编码染色体分离蛋白 SMC-1 的基因和编码外核小体复合物成分 EXO84A 的基因。此外，还发现植物激素参与大豆胚珠和种子发育以及每荚种子数的调控。这项研究有助于解析大豆每荚种子数的遗传网络，这将有助于大豆种子产量的遗传改良。
