Wu Yi, Zhou Qian, Mao Meihan, Chen Huangliang, Qi Rui
Institute of Microbiome Frontiers and One Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Feb 27;15:1309698. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1309698. eCollection 2024.
Tick-borne pathogens especially viruses are continuously appearing worldwide, which have caused severe public health threats. Understanding the species, distribution and epidemiological trends of tick-borne viruses (TBVs) is essential for disease surveillance and control.
In this study, the data on TBVs and the distribution of ticks in China were collected from databases and literature. The geographic distribution of TBVs in China was mapped based on geographic locations of viruses where they were prevalent or they were detected in vector ticks. TBVs sequences were collected from The National Center for Biotechnology Information and used to structure the phylogenetic tree.
Eighteen TBVs from eight genera of five families were prevalent in China. Five genera of ticks played an important role in the transmission of TBVs in China. According to phylogenetic analysis, some new viral genotypes, such as the Dabieshan tick virus (DTV) strain detected in Liaoning Province and the JMTV strain detected in Heilongjiang Province existed in China.
TBVs were widely distributed but the specific ranges of viruses from different families still varied in China. Seven TBVs belonging to the genus of the family such as Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) clustered in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and northeastern areas of China. All viruses of the family except Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) were novel viruses that appeared in the last few years, such as Guertu virus (GTV) and Tacheng tick virus 2 (TcTV-2). They were mainly distributed in the central plains of China. Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) was distributed in at least fourteen provinces and had been detected in more than ten species of tick such as and , which had the widest distribution and the largest number of vector ticks among all TBVs. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) and Lymphatic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) were two potential TBVs in Northeast China that could cause serious diseases in humans or animals. Ixodes persulcatus carried the highest number of TBVs, followed by and . They could carry as many as ten TBVs. Three strains of Tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) from Inner Mongolia Province clustered with ones from Russia, Japan and Heilongjiang Province, respectively. Several SFTSV strains from Zhejiang Province clustered with strains from Korea and Japan. Specific surveillance of dominant TBVs should be established in different areas in China.
蜱传病原体尤其是病毒在全球范围内不断出现，已对公众健康构成严重威胁。了解蜱传病毒（TBV）的种类、分布及流行病学趋势对于疾病监测和防控至关重要。
本研究从数据库和文献中收集了中国蜱传病毒及蜱分布的数据。基于病毒流行或在媒介蜱中被检测到的地理位置，绘制了中国蜱传病毒的地理分布图。从美国国立生物技术信息中心收集蜱传病毒序列并用于构建系统发育树。
中国流行来自五个科八个属的18种蜱传病毒。五个属的蜱在中国蜱传病毒传播中起重要作用。系统发育分析表明，中国存在一些新的病毒基因型，如在辽宁省检测到的大别山蜱病毒（DTV）株和在黑龙江省检测到的JMTV株。
蜱传病毒在中国分布广泛，但不同科病毒的具体分布范围仍存在差异。属于 科 属的7种蜱传病毒，如内罗毕羊病病毒（NSDV）聚集在新疆维吾尔自治区（XUAR）和中国东北地区。除严重发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒（SFTSV）外， 科的所有病毒均为近年来出现的新型病毒，如古尔图病毒（GTV）和塔城蜱病毒2（TcTV - 2）。它们主要分布在中国中部平原地区。荆门蜱病毒（JMTV）分布在至少14个省份，已在 等十多种蜱中被检测到，在所有蜱传病毒中分布最广、媒介蜱数量最多。副流感病毒5（PIV5）和淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒（LCMV）是中国东北地区两种潜在的蜱传病毒，可导致人类或动物严重疾病。全沟硬蜱携带的蜱传病毒数量最多，其次是 和 。它们可携带多达10种蜱传病毒。来自内蒙古自治区的三株蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）分别与来自俄罗斯、日本和黑龙江省的毒株聚类。来自浙江省的几株严重发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒（SFTSV）毒株与来自韩国和日本的毒株聚类。中国不同地区应建立对优势蜱传病毒的特异性监测。
