CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2024 Apr 17;90(4):e0015724. doi: 10.1128/aem.00157-24. Epub 2024 Mar 13.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly fluorinated synthetic organic compounds that have been used extensively in various industries owing to their unique properties. The PFAS family encompasses diverse classes, with only a fraction being commercially relevant. These substances are found in the environment, including in water sources, soil, and wildlife, leading to human exposure and fueling concerns about potential human health impacts. Although PFAS degradation is challenging, biodegradation offers a promising, eco-friendly solution. Biodegradation has been effective for a variety of organic contaminants but is yet to be successful for PFAS due to a paucity of identified microbial species capable of transforming these compounds. Recent studies have investigated PFAS biotransformation and fluoride release; however, the number of specific microorganisms and enzymes with demonstrable activity with PFAS remains limited. This review discusses enzymes that could be used in PFAS metabolism, including haloacid dehalogenases, reductive dehalogenases, cytochromes P450, alkane and butane monooxygenases, peroxidases, laccases, desulfonases, and the mechanisms of microbial resistance to intracellular fluoride. Finally, we emphasize the potential of enzyme and microbial engineering to advance PFAS degradation strategies and provide insights for future research in this field.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是高度氟化的合成有机化合物，由于其独特的性质，已被广泛应用于各个行业。PFAS 家族包含多种类别，其中只有一部分具有商业相关性。这些物质存在于环境中，包括水源、土壤和野生动物中，导致人类接触，并引发对潜在人类健康影响的担忧。尽管 PFAS 的降解具有挑战性，但生物降解提供了一种有前途的环保解决方案。生物降解已被证明对各种有机污染物有效，但由于能够转化这些化合物的微生物种类有限，因此尚未成功应用于 PFAS。最近的研究调查了 PFAS 的生物转化和氟化物释放；然而，具有 PFAS 转化活性的特定微生物和酶的数量仍然有限。本文综述了可用于 PFAS 代谢的酶，包括卤酸脱卤酶、还原脱卤酶、细胞色素 P450、烷烃和丁烷单加氧酶、过氧化物酶、漆酶、脱磺酶以及微生物对细胞内氟化物的抗性机制。最后，我们强调了酶和微生物工程在推进 PFAS 降解策略方面的潜力，并为该领域的未来研究提供了见解。
