Suppr超能文献

健康印度人群及慢性肾病患者钠、钾、磷和蛋白质膳食摄入量的评估

Estimation of dietary intake of sodium, potassium, phosphorus and protein in healthy Indian population and patients with chronic kidney disease.

作者信息

Kaur Prabhjot, Yadav Ashok Kumar, Pal Arnab, Jassal Ravjit Singh, Shafiq Nusrat, Sahni Nancy, Kumar Vivek, Jha Vivekanand

机构信息

Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

出版信息

Front Nutr. 2024 Feb 29;11:1312581. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1312581. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Poor nutritious diet is a major risk element for non-communicable diseases (NCD), which are of considerable public health concern. Given the diverse dietary patterns in India, precise determination of nutrient consumption is crucial for disease management. The present study assessed the dietary intake of sodium, potassium, protein, and phosphorus among North Indians.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included healthy adults and adults with stage 2 to 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). We analysed sodium, protein, potassium and phosphorus intakes using one-time 24-h urinary excretion. Dietary intake was also analysed in subgroups based on sex, body mass index, blood pressure and abdominal obesity. We evaluated the performance of various equations available to estimate sodium intake using a spot urine sample with respect to the sodium excretion measured in a 24-h urine sample. Descriptive statistics was used along with -test for statistical significance.

RESULTS

A total of 404 subjects (182 adult healthy subjects and 222 adults with CKD) with a mean age of 47.01 ± 11.46 years were studied. Mean dietary intakes of sodium, salt, potassium, protein and phosphorus were 2.94 ± 1.68 g/day, 7.42 ± 4.24 g/day, 1.43 ± 0.59 g/day, 47.67 ± 14.73 g/day and 0.86 ± 0.39 g/day, respectively. There were no differences in nutrient consumption between adults who were healthy and those with CKD. Consumption of sodium, salt, protein, potassium, and phosphorus among healthy population vs. those with CKD were 2.81 ± 1.60 vs. 3.05 ± 1.73 g/day ( = 0.152), 7.08 ± 4.04 vs. 7.70 ± 4.37 g/day ( = 0.143), 47.16 ± 14.59 vs. 48.08 ± 14.86 g/day ( = 0.532), 1.38 ± 0.59 vs. 1.48 ± 0.58 g/day ( = 0.087) and 0.86 ± 0.41 vs. 0.87 ± 0.37 g/day ( = 0.738), respectively. Men had higher consumption of these nutrients than women. Compared to non-hypertensives, hypertensive subjects had higher consumption of salt (8.23 ± 4.89 vs. 6.84 ± 3.59 g/day,  = 0.002) and potassium (1.51 ± 0.63 vs. 1.38 ± 0.55 g/day,  = 0.024), however, no difference were found in protein and phosphorus intakes. In terms of performance of equations used to estimate 24-h sodium intake from spot urinary sodium concentration against the measured 24-h urinary sodium excretion, INTERSALT 2 equation exhibited the least bias [1.08 (95% CI, -5.50 to 7.66)].

CONCLUSION

The study shows higher-than-recommended salt and lower-than-recommended potassium intake in the north Indian population compared to those recommended by guidelines. The dietary protein intake is below the recommended dietary allowance. These findings help the development of targeted policies for dietary modification to reduce the risk of the development and progression of CKD.

摘要

引言

营养不良的饮食是导致非传染性疾病(NCD)的主要风险因素,这引起了相当大的公共卫生关注。鉴于印度饮食模式的多样性,精确测定营养物质摄入量对于疾病管理至关重要。本研究评估了北印度人钠、钾、蛋白质和磷的饮食摄入量。

方法

这项横断面研究纳入了健康成年人以及患有2至4期慢性肾脏病(CKD)的成年人。我们通过一次性24小时尿排泄量分析钠、蛋白质、钾和磷的摄入量。还根据性别、体重指数、血压和腹型肥胖对亚组的饮食摄入量进行了分析。我们使用即时尿样评估了各种用于估算钠摄入量的方程相对于24小时尿样中测量的钠排泄量的性能。使用描述性统计以及t检验来检验统计学显著性。

结果

共研究了404名受试者(182名健康成年受试者和222名患有CKD的成年人),平均年龄为47.01±11.46岁。钠、盐、钾、蛋白质和磷的平均饮食摄入量分别为2.94±1.68克/天、7.42±4.24克/天、1.43±0.59克/天、47.67±14.73克/天和0.86±0.39克/天。健康成年人与患有CKD的成年人在营养物质摄入量上没有差异。健康人群与患有CKD的人群之间钠、盐、蛋白质、钾和磷的摄入量分别为2.81±1.60与3.05±1.73克/天(P = 0.152)、7.08±4.04与7.70±4.37克/天(P = 0.143)、47.16±14.59与48.08±14.86克/天(P = 0.532)、1.38±0.59与1.48±0.58克/天(P = 0.087)以及0.86±0.41与0.87±0.37克/天(P = 0.738)。男性这些营养物质的摄入量高于女性。与非高血压患者相比,高血压患者盐(8.23±4.89与6.84±3.59克/天,P = 0.002)和钾(1.51±0.63与1.38±0.55克/天,P = 0.024)的摄入量更高,然而,蛋白质和磷的摄入量没有差异。就根据即时尿钠浓度估算24小时钠摄入量的方程相对于测量的24小时尿钠排泄量的性能而言,INTERSALT 2方程的偏差最小[1.08(95%CI,-5.50至7.66)]。

结论

研究表明,与指南推荐相比,北印度人群盐摄入量高于推荐值,钾摄入量低于推荐值。饮食蛋白质摄入量低于推荐膳食摄入量。这些发现有助于制定针对性的饮食调整政策,以降低CKD发生和进展的风险。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8030/10937368/912627bc2971/fnut-11-1312581-g001.jpg

文献检索

告别复杂PubMed语法,用中文像聊天一样搜索,搜遍4000万医学文献。AI智能推荐,让科研检索更轻松。

立即免费搜索

文件翻译

保留排版,准确专业,支持PDF/Word/PPT等文件格式,支持 12+语言互译。

免费翻译文档

深度研究

AI帮你快速写综述,25分钟生成高质量综述,智能提取关键信息,辅助科研写作。

立即免费体验