Amirahmadi Elnaz, Ghorbani Mohammad, Moudrý Jan, Bernas Jaroslav, Mukosha Chisenga Emmanuel, Hoang Trong Nghia
Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Feb 12;13(4):509. doi: 10.3390/plants13040509.
Wheat ( L.) is a strategic agricultural crop that plays a significant role in maintaining national food security and sustainable economic development. Increasing technical performance considering lowering costs, energy, and environmental consequences are significant aims for wheat cultivation. For drylands, which cover approximately 41% of the world's land surface, water stress has a considerable negative impact on crop output. The current study aimed to assess the environmental aspects of chemical fertilizer in combination with compost in dryland and irrigated winter wheat production systems through life cycle assessment (LCA). The cradle-to-farm gate was considered as the system boundary based on one tone of wheat yield and four strategies: D-C (dryland with compost), D (dryland without compost), I-C (irrigated with compost), and I (irrigated without compost). Based on the results, the highest and lowest amounts of wheat yield were related to the I-C and D strategies with 12.2 and 6.7 ton ha, respectively. The LCA result showed that the I strategy in comparison with other strategies had the highest negative impact on human health (49%), resources (59%), ecosystem quality (44%), and climate change (43%). However, the D-C strategy resulted in the lowest adverse effect of 6% on human health, 1% on resources, 10% on ecosystem quality, and 11% on climate change. Utilizing a combination of fertilizer and compost in dryland areas could ensure a higher yield of crops in addition to alleviating negative environmental indicators.
小麦（L.）是一种战略性农作物，在维护国家粮食安全和可持续经济发展方面发挥着重要作用。在降低成本、能源消耗和环境影响的同时提高技术性能是小麦种植的重要目标。对于占世界陆地面积约41%的旱地而言，水分胁迫对作物产量有相当大的负面影响。本研究旨在通过生命周期评估（LCA），评估旱地和灌溉冬小麦生产系统中化肥与堆肥结合使用的环境影响。基于每吨小麦产量，以农场大门为系统边界，考虑了四种策略：D-C（旱地使用堆肥）、D（旱地不使用堆肥）、I-C（灌溉地使用堆肥）和I（灌溉地不使用堆肥）。结果表明，小麦产量最高和最低的分别是I-C和D策略，产量分别为12.2吨/公顷和6.7吨/公顷。LCA结果显示，与其他策略相比，I策略对人类健康（49%）、资源（59%）、生态系统质量（44%）和气候变化（43%）的负面影响最大。然而，D-C策略对人类健康的负面影响最低，为6%，对资源的负面影响为1%，对生态系统质量的负面影响为10%，对气候变化的负面影响为11%。在旱地地区将化肥和堆肥结合使用，除了可以减轻负面环境指标外，还能确保更高的作物产量。
