基于荟萃分析的中国北方不同施肥方式对玉米产量、土壤养分、土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响
Effects of different fertilization practices on maize yield, soil nutrients, soil moisture, and water use efficiency in northern China based on a meta-analysis.
作者信息
Jiang Minghao, Dong Chao, Bian Wenpeng, Zhang Wenbei, Wang Yong
机构信息
School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, Inner Mongolia, China.
出版信息
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 18;14(1):6480. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57031-z.
The application of fertilizer to ensure the steady improvement of crop yield has become the main means of agricultural production. However, it remains to be determined whether fertilization practices with different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and organic (O) fertilizers play a positive role in the sustainability of maize yield and the soil in which it is grown. Therefore,this meta-analysis extracted 2663 data points from 76 studies to systematically analyze and explore the effects of different fertilization measures on maize yield, soil nutrients, water content and water use efficiency (WUE) in northern China. Articles addressing this topic showed that fertilization effectively increased the soil nutrient content and maize yield. The soil organic matter (SOM) increased by 2.36 (N)-55.38% (NPO), total nitrogen content increased by 6.10 (N)-56.39% (NPO), available phosphorus content increased by 17.12 (N)-474.74% (NPO), and available potassium content changed by - 2.90 (NP)-64.40% (NPO). Soil moisture increased by 3.59% under a single organic fertilizer application and decreased by 4.27-13.40% under the other treatments. Compared with no fertilization, the yield increase of fertilized maize reached 11.65-220.42%. NP, NPK and NPKO contributed the most to increased yield in lithological, black and fluvo-aquic soils, respectively. The effects of different fertilization practices on maize yield varied in response to the same meteorological factors. The WUE increased from 9.51 to 160.72%. In conclusion, rational fertilization can improve the soil nutrient content and increase maize yield. The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizer showed the greatest increase in yield and WUE. Organic fertilizer application alone increased soil moisture. Our results provide a theoretical basis for fertilizer application and for improving the soil structure for maize cultivation in northern China.
施用肥料以确保作物产量稳步提高已成为农业生产的主要手段。然而，氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）和有机（O）肥不同组合的施肥方式是否对玉米产量及其种植土壤的可持续性发挥积极作用仍有待确定。因此，本荟萃分析从76项研究中提取了2663个数据点，以系统分析和探究不同施肥措施对中国北方玉米产量、土壤养分、含水量和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。涉及该主题的文章表明，施肥有效地提高了土壤养分含量和玉米产量。土壤有机质（SOM）增加了2.36%（单施氮肥）至55.38%（氮磷钾有机肥配施），全氮含量增加了6.10%（单施氮肥）至56.39%（氮磷钾有机肥配施），有效磷含量增加了17.12%（单施氮肥）至474.74%（氮磷钾有机肥配施），有效钾含量变化范围为-2.90%（氮磷肥配施）至64.40%（氮磷钾有机肥配施）。单施有机肥时土壤湿度增加了3.59%，其他处理下土壤湿度降低了4.27%至13.40%。与不施肥相比，施肥玉米的产量增幅达到11.65%至220.42%。在岩性土、黑土和潮土中，氮磷肥配施、氮磷钾肥配施和氮磷钾有机肥配施分别对产量增加贡献最大。不同施肥方式对玉米产量的影响因相同气象因素而异。水分利用效率从9.51提高到了160.72%。总之，合理施肥可以提高土壤养分含量并增加玉米产量。化肥与有机肥配施产量和水分利用效率增幅最大。单施有机肥增加了土壤湿度。我们的研究结果为中国北方玉米种植的施肥及改善土壤结构提供了理论依据。
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