National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
Int J Drug Policy. 2024 May;127:104382. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104382. Epub 2024 Mar 19.
People who inject drugs may be at excess risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases and negative associated health outcomes, but experience barriers to vaccination. We aimed to determine vaccination coverage among people who inject drugs globally.
We conducted systematic searches of the peer-reviewed and grey literature, date limited from January 2008 to August 2023, focusing on diseases for which people who inject drugs are at elevated risk for and for which an adult vaccination dose is recommended (COVID-19, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, influenza, pneumococcal disease, tetanus). To summarise available data, we conducted a narrative synthesis.
We included 78 studies/reports comprising 117 estimates of vaccination coverage across 36 countries. Most estimates were obtained from high income countries (80%, n=94). We located estimates for hepatitis B vaccination in 33 countries, which included 18 countries with data on serological evidence of vaccine-derived hepatitis B immunity (range: 6-53%) and 22 countries with self-report data for vaccine uptake (<1-96%). Data for other vaccines were scarcer: reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage ranged 3-89% (five countries), COVID-19 ranged 4-84% (five countries), while we located estimates from fewer than five countries for influenza, tetanus, pneumococcal disease, and human papillomavirus.
Estimates were sparse but where available indicative of suboptimal vaccination coverage among people who inject drugs. Improving the consistency, timeliness, and geographic coverage of vaccine uptake data among this population is essential to inform efforts to increase uptake.
注射毒品者可能面临更高的感染疫苗可预防疾病和相关不良健康后果的风险，但他们在接种疫苗方面存在障碍。我们旨在确定全球注射毒品者的疫苗接种率。
我们对同行评议和灰色文献进行了系统搜索，检索日期限于 2008 年 1 月至 2023 年 8 月，重点关注注射毒品者感染风险较高且推荐使用成人剂量疫苗的疾病（COVID-19、甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、人乳头瘤病毒、流感、肺炎球菌病、破伤风）。为了总结现有数据，我们进行了叙述性综合分析。
我们纳入了 78 项研究/报告，其中包括 36 个国家的 117 项疫苗接种率估计。大多数估计数来自高收入国家（80%，n=94）。我们找到了 33 个国家乙型肝炎疫苗接种的估计数，其中包括 18 个国家具有血清学证据表明疫苗接种产生了乙型肝炎免疫力的数据（范围：6-53%）和 22 个国家有疫苗接种率的自我报告数据（<1-96%）。其他疫苗的数据较少：报告的甲型肝炎疫苗接种率范围为 3-89%（5 个国家），COVID-19 疫苗接种率范围为 4-84%（5 个国家），而我们仅在不到 5 个国家找到了流感、破伤风、肺炎球菌病和人乳头瘤病毒的估计数。
估计数较少，但现有数据表明注射毒品者的疫苗接种率不理想。改善该人群疫苗接种数据的一致性、及时性和地理覆盖范围对于为提高接种率提供信息至关重要。
