Department of Economics, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey.
University of Ain Temouchent, Ain Temouchent, Algeria.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Apr;31(19):27789-27803. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32765-5. Epub 2024 Mar 22.
Environmental sustainability is a key target to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, achieving these targets needs tools to pave the way for achieving SDGs and COP28 targets. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study is to examine the significance of clean energy, research and development spending, technological innovation, income, and human capital in achieving environmental sustainability in the USA from 1990 to 2022. The study employed time series econometric methods to estimate the empirical results. The study confirmed the long-run cointegrating relationship among CO emissions, human capital, income, R&D, technological innovation, and clean energy. The results are statistically significant in the short run except for R&D expenditures. In the long run, the study found that income and human capital contribute to further aggravating the environment via increasing CO emissions. However, R&D expenditures, technological innovation, and clean energy help to promote environmental sustainability by limiting carbon emissions. The study recommends investment in technological innovation, clean energy, and increasing R&D expenditures to achieve environmental sustainability in the USA.
环境可持续性是实现可持续发展目标 (SDGs) 的关键目标。然而，要实现这些目标，需要有工具为实现可持续发展目标和第 28 届缔约方会议的目标铺平道路。因此，本研究的主要目的是检验从 1990 年到 2022 年，美国在实现环境可持续性方面，清洁能源、研发支出、技术创新、收入和人力资本的重要性。本研究采用时间序列计量经济学方法来估计实证结果。研究结果证实了 CO2 排放、人力资本、收入、研发、技术创新和清洁能源之间存在长期协整关系。除研发支出外，这些结果在短期内具有统计学意义。从长期来看，研究发现收入和人力资本通过增加 CO2 排放进一步加剧了环境恶化。然而，研发支出、技术创新和清洁能源有助于通过限制碳排放来促进环境可持续性。本研究建议投资于技术创新、清洁能源和增加研发支出，以实现美国的环境可持续性。
