Nazir Arnengsih, Heryaman Henhen, Juli Cep, Ugusman Azizah, Martha Januar Wibawa, Moeliono Marina Annette, Atik Nur
Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, WJ, Indonesia.
Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, WJ, Indonesia.
Integr Blood Press Control. 2024 Mar 18;17:21-37. doi: 10.2147/IBPC.S449086. eCollection 2024.
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), a term encompassing various disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, includes coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is primarily due to the development of atherosclerotic plaques that disrupt blood flow, oxygenation, and nutrient delivery to the myocardium. Risk factors contributing to CAD progression include smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia, and obesity. While aerobic exercise (AE) has shown promising results in controlling CVD risk factors, the impact of resistance training (RT) has not been extensively investigated. This review aims to describe the effects of RT on CVD risk factors based on studies retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Both isometric and isotonic RT have been found to decrease systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, or mean arterial pressure, with SBP showing a more significant reduction. Hypertensive patients engaging in RT alongside a calorie-restricted diet demonstrated significant improvements in blood pressure. RT is associated with increased nitric oxide bioavailability, sympathetic modulation, and enhanced endothelial function. In type-2 DM patients, 8-12 weeks of RT led to improvements in fasting blood glucose levels, insulin secretion, metabolic syndrome risk, and glucose transporter numbers. Combining AE with RT had a more significant impact in reducing insulin resistance and enhancing blood glucose compared to performing exercises separately. It also significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein within 12 weeks of application. However, improvements are considered insignificant when lipid levels are already low to normal at baseline. The administration of RT resulted in weight loss and improved body mass index, with more pronounced effects seen when combining AE with RT and a calorie-restricted diet. Considering these results, the administration of RT, either alone or in combination with AE, proves beneficial in rehabilitating CAD patients by improving various risk factors.
心血管疾病（CVD）是一个涵盖影响心脏和血管的各种疾病的术语，包括冠状动脉疾病（CAD）。CAD主要是由于动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成，这些斑块会扰乱心肌的血流、氧合和营养供应。导致CAD进展的风险因素包括吸烟、高血压、糖尿病（DM）、血脂异常和肥胖。虽然有氧运动（AE）在控制CVD风险因素方面已显示出有希望的结果，但抗阻训练（RT）的影响尚未得到广泛研究。本综述旨在根据从PubMed和谷歌学术数据库检索到的研究，描述RT对CVD风险因素的影响。等长和等张RT均已被发现可降低收缩压（SBP）、舒张压或平均动脉压，其中SBP的降低更为显著。高血压患者在进行RT的同时采用限热量饮食，血压有显著改善。RT与一氧化氮生物利用度增加、交感神经调节和内皮功能增强有关。在2型糖尿病患者中，8至12周的RT可改善空腹血糖水平、胰岛素分泌、代谢综合征风险和葡萄糖转运体数量。与单独进行运动相比，将AE与RT相结合在降低胰岛素抵抗和提高血糖方面有更显著的影响。在应用12周内，它还显著降低了总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水平，同时提高了高密度脂蛋白水平。然而，当基线血脂水平已处于低至正常范围时，改善效果被认为不显著。RT的实施导致体重减轻和体重指数改善，当将AE与RT以及限热量饮食相结合时效果更为明显。考虑到这些结果，单独或与AE联合使用RT，通过改善各种风险因素，对CAD患者的康复有益。
