Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Biomater Sci. 2024 May 14;12(10):2521-2560. doi: 10.1039/d3bm01338c.
Bioactive glass has been employed in several medical applications since its inception in 1969. The compositions of these materials have been investigated extensively with emphasis on glass network formers, therapeutic transition metals, and glass network modifiers. Through these experiments, several commercial and experimental compositions have been developed with varying chemical durability, induced physiological responses, and hydroxyapatite forming abilities. In many of these studies, the concentrations of each alkali and alkaline earth element have been altered to monitor changes in structure and biological response. This review aims to discuss the impact of each alkali and alkaline earth element on the structure, processing, and biological effects of bioactive glass. We explore critical questions regarding these elements from both a glass science and biological perspective. Should elements with little biological impact be included? Are alkali free bioactive glasses more promising for greater biological responses? Does this mixed alkali effect show increased degradation rates and should it be employed for optimized dissolution? Each of these questions along with others are evaluated comprehensively and discussed in the final section where guidance for compositional design is provided.
自 1969 年问世以来，生物活性玻璃已在多种医学应用中得到应用。人们对这些材料的组成进行了广泛的研究，重点研究了玻璃网络形成体、治疗性过渡金属和玻璃网络改性剂。通过这些实验，已经开发出了几种具有不同化学耐久性、诱导生理反应和羟基磷灰石形成能力的商业和实验性成分。在许多这些研究中，改变了每种碱金属和碱土金属的浓度，以监测结构和生物反应的变化。本综述旨在讨论每个碱金属和碱土金属对生物活性玻璃的结构、加工和生物效应的影响。我们从玻璃科学和生物学的角度探讨了这些元素的关键问题。是否应该包含对生物影响较小的元素？无碱生物活性玻璃是否更有希望产生更大的生物学反应？这种混合碱效应是否显示出更高的降解速率，是否应该用于优化溶解？这些问题以及其他问题都得到了全面评估，并在最后一节中进行了讨论，为组成设计提供了指导。
